Presented by:

Eisha Alamgir(16902)
5th semester
 Definition
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Magnet
Radio Frequency = Resonance Imaging

It is a non-invasive method for mapping internal

structure within the body which uses non-ionizing
electromagnetic radiation and employes radio
frequency radiation in the presence of carefully
controlled magentic fields to produce high quality
cross-sectional images of the body in any plane
 MRI is a technique in radiology which uses magnetism,
radio waves and a computer to produce images of body
structures.
 Human body is mainly composed of fat and water, which
makes the human body composed of about 63% hydrogen
 Why Are Protons Important to MRI?
◦ positively charged.
◦ spin about a central axis.
◦ a moving (spinning) charge creates a magnetic field.
◦ the straight arrow (vector) indicates the direction of the
magnetic field.
Why Hydrogen ions are used in
MRI?
An unpaired proton which is positively charged
Every hydrogen nucleus is a tiny magnet which
produces small but noticeable magnetic field.
Hydrogen atom is the only major species in the body that is
MR sensitive
Abundant in the body in the form of water and fat
MRI is hydrogen (proton) imaging
The protons - being little magnets - align themselves
h. in the
external magnetic field like a compass needle in the magnetic
field of the eart
May align parallel or anti-parallel
Components Of MRI Machine
Mechanis
T1 in Fat T1 in Water
• absorb energy quickly • inefficient at receiving
• T1 is very short energy
• i.e. nuclei dispose their • T1 is longer
energy to surrounding fat • i.e. nuclei take a lot longer
tissue and return to B0 in to dispose energy to
very short time surrounding water tissue
• FAT • WATER
ADVANTAGES

 scanning and detection of abnormalities in

soft tissue.
 There is no involvement of any kind of
ionizing radiations in the MRI
 Painless
ADVANTAGES (CONT.)
 images may be acquired in multiple planes (Axial,
Sagittal, Coronal, or Oblique) without repositioning the
patient

 MRI images demonstrate superior soft tissue contrast than

CT scans and plain films making it the ideal examination
of the brain, spine, joints and other soft tissue body parts

 functional MRI allows visualization of both active parts of

the brain during certain activities and understanding of
the underlying networks
DISADVANTAGES
 MRI scans are considered to be a safe procedure providing you do not
have any implants or objects on you that must not go in the scanner.
 The powerful magnetic fields generated by the MRI scanner will attract
metal objects
 The magnetic field of the MRI scanner can also pull on any metal-
containing object in your body, such as medicine pumps and aneurysm
clips. Medical implants may heat up during the scan as a result of the
technology.
 MRI scans can cause heart pacemakers, defibrillation devices and
cochlear implants to malfunction.
 Expensive