GLOBAL WARMING,CARBON

CREDIT AND CLIMATE CHANGE

GROUP 1
SUBMITTED BY
AISWARYA SATHISH
ANN RACHEL
AJAL MARIA FRANSIS
ANALIN JOSE
ANJALI DEVI
ALEENA
AKHILA .S.NAIR
GLOBAL WARMING
GLOBAL WARMING
 Global warming is defined as the gradual increase in the
overall temperature of the earth’s atmosphere due to
greenhouse effect
 In short “Increase in Earth’s average surface temperature
due to rising levels of greenhouse gases”
 The major greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide , ozone,
methane, nitrous oxide , and water vapour
 Greenhouse effect caused by increased in levels of carbon
dioxide , CFCs, and other pollutants
 Temperature are rising because we have dramatically
increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s
atmosphere , by burning fossil fuels such as coal ,gas , and
oil and by clearing forests
Greenhouse Effect
 Lower most layer of the atmosphere – Troposphere traps
heat by natural processes due to the presence of certain
gases . This is called greenhouse effect
 Increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the
air that absorbs infrared light containing heat and result
in the outgoing thermal infrared energy
 Eg:if the average global temperature is 18 degree c ,
greenhouse effect can contribute 33 degree c
 Resul in the increase in the temperature of air and earth
Causes
 Burning of fossil fuel’s
 Deforestation
 Farming
 Industralization
 Overuse of electricity
 Use of Aerosols
 Consumerism
GLOBAL
WARMING AND
ITS EFFECTS
ANN RACHEL THOMAS
24 B MBA
 Global warming

Global warming is the long term rise

in the average temperature of the earth’s climate system and climate
change, shown by temperature measurements and by multiple effects
of the warming.it mainly refers to human caused observed warming
since pre-industrial times and its projected continuation.
Effects of Global Warming

Given below are some the main effects of global

warming:-

1. BIOSPHERE

It is expected that climate change will result in the

extinction of many species and reduce the diversity of
ecosystems. Rising temperatures have found to push bees to
their physiological limits and could cause the extinction of
the bee population. In a 2012 study, it was found that
continuous intake of CO2 by the ocean, affects the brain and
central nervous system of certain fish species and this affects
their ability to see, hear, smell and evade predators.
 2. ENVIRONMENTAL

The environmental effects of global warming are as

follows:-

 Arctic sea ice decline, sea level rise, retreat of glaciers

Global warming has led to decades of shrinking and

thinning in a warm climate that has put the Arctic sea ice in a
precarious position, it is now vulnerable to atmospheric
anomalies. Additionally, sea level rise has accelerated from
1995 to 2015.
 EXTREME WEATHER, EXTREME CYCLONES, TROPICAL
CYCLONES

Data analysis of extreme events from 1960 until 2010

suggests that droughts and heat waves appear simultaneously
with increased frequency. Extremely wet or dry events within
the monsoon period have increased since 1980. Projections
suggest a probable increase in the frequency and severity of
some extreme weather events, such as heat waves.
 ECOSYSTEM CHANGES, CHANGES IN OCEAN PROPERTIES

It is expected that most ecosystems will be affected by

higher atmospheric CO2 levels, combined with higher global
temperatures. The physical effect of global warming on
oceans include an increase in acidity, and a reduction of
oxygen levels (ocean deoxygenation). Increases in
atmospheric CO2 concentrations have led to an increase in
dissolved CO2 and thus ocean acidity, measured by lower pH
values. Ocean acidification threatens damage to coral reefs,
fisheries, protected species, and other natural resources of
value to society.
3. SOCIAL SYSTEMS

The effects of climate change on human systems, mostly

due to warming or shifts in precipitation patterns, or both,
have been detected worldwide. The future social impacts of
climate change will be uneven across the world. Many risks
are expected to increase with higher magnitudes of global
warming. All regions are at risk of experiencing negative
impacts. Low-latitude, less developed areas face the greatest
risk.
4. REGIONAL
The Arctic, Africa, small islands and Asian mega deltas are regions
that are likely to be especially affected by future climate
change.Africa is one of the most vulnerable continents to climate
variability and change because of multiple existing stresses and low
adaptive capacity.Existing stresses include poverty, political conflicts,
and ecosystem degradation. Climate variability and change is
projected to severely compromise agricultural production, including
access to food, across Africa.

Polar bears enter inhabited areas more than in the past, owing to
climate change. Global warming reduces sea-ice and forces bears to
visit land in search of food.
CONCLUSION

The ‘Conclusion’ confirms that global warming is the major

challenge for our global society. There is very little doubt that
global warming will change our climate in the next century.
 CLIMATE CHANGE
GENERAL
INTRODUCTION AnD
CAUSE
Introduction

Climate is the long-term statistical expression of short-

term weather. Climate can be defined as "expected
weather". When changes in the expected weather occur,
we call these climate changes. They can be defined by
the differences between average weather conditions at
two separate times. Climate may change in different
ways, over different time scales and at different
geographical scales.
Climate change
Climate change is a global problem that is
having widespread effects on the weather
on every continent and in every nation. It is
altering environments and impacting on
biodiversity, human health and sustainable
economic and social development.
Causes
The causes are numerous like population growth
which leads to Deforestation to make place for new
building projects. This in turn leads to Global
warming and that affects the climate causing flood
or drought. The use of plastic has further led to
polluting the environment. Hence the mere existence
of humans is a great threat to the environment.
Climate Change Effect on Habitat
and Environment
Climate Change

The climate is changing and green house gases emitted into the atmosphere from

human activity are the primary cause. Warming temperatures are driving other

changes in our environment impacting our health, the nature we love, and the

natural resources on which we depend.

Environmental Impacts of Climate
Change
1. Climate Change and Diminishing Food Security

Rising temperatures are affecting our climate and as a result, it affects our
environment and the functions it delivers. One such key function is nutrient replenishment.
Climate change puts nutrient cycles at risk, which has an effect on soil fertility.

2. Climate change and Air pollution

Climate change has an impact on air quality. World’s population will be exposed
to increasingly stagnant atmospheric conditions, with the tropics and subtropics
bearing the brunt of the poor air quality.
3. Climate change and disappearing wildlife

One of the first things to be hit by the effects of climate change is our
wildlife. Global warming is likely to be the greatest cause of species
extinctions, a lot of our ecosystems are already straining to adapt to
deforestation and other types of pollution.

4. Climate Change and problems with water quality

Climate change is having serious impacts on the worlds water systems

through flooding, droughts, as well as more extreme rainfall patterns. This
creates further pressures on rivers and lakes that supply water for people and
animals.
Effects of Climate Change

Climate changes has consequences for our

 Oceans
 Weather
 Food sources
 Health
 Oceans

Ice sheets such as Greenland and Antarctica are melting. The extra water
that was once held in glaciers causes sea levels to rise and this lead to rise
water level in oceans and causes flooding those regions.

 Weather

Temperature also makes weather more extreme. This means not only
more intense major storms, floods and heavy snowfall but also longer and
more deeper droughts. This changes in weather make challenges.
 Food

Growing crops become more difficult the areas where plants and animals
can live, shift and water supplies are diminished.

 Health

In addition to creating new agricultural challenges climate change can

directly affect peoples physical health. In urban areas, the warmer
atmosphere creates an environment that traps and increases the amount of
smoke. This is because smoke contains ozone particles which increases
rapidly at higher temperatures.
HOW TO CONTROL CLIMATE CHANGE

Climate change is a proven fact. Global warming has

caused serious changes to the planet. But as individuals we
can slow down global warming by implementing small
more sustainable actions within our community.
6 simple things you can do to fight climate change
1. Reduce Emissions
Use your car less ,whenever possible, instead use
sustainable transportation, such as bicycling, or use public
transportation more often.Each litre of fuel that your car
uses, equals to 2.5 kilos.
2. Save Energy
Always adjust the thermostat for heating and air
conditioning . Being careful use of home appliances,
we can save energy and money.
3. Put 3 R’s of sustainability into practice
Reduce : consume less, more efficiently
Reuse : take advantage of second hand markets,
to give new life to items that you don’t use anymore
Recycle : it can create new products out of materials
from old ones.
4. Eat low- carbon

A low – carbon diet results in smarter consumption:

 Reduce your meat consumption
 Eat food that is local and in season
 Avoid excessive packaging and processed foods

5. Act aganist forest loss

 Avoid anything that may be a fire hazard

 Plant a tree
6. Make demands from the government

 Promote renewable energy

 Properly labelling products
 Promote more sustainable public transportation
 Correctly manage waste through 3 R’s
 Carbon Credit
Carbon credit is a tradable permit or certificate that
gives the right to emit one ton of carbon dioxide or an
equivalent of another greenhouse gases.

As a part of United National frame work on climate

change the “Kyoto Protocol” was established to create
policies and measures to reduce Greenhouse gas (GHG)
emission.

The Paris Agreement validates the application of carbon

credits to reduce emission of the greenhouse gases and
set the provision for the further facilitation of the carbon
credits markets.
 Carbon Credit
The burning of fossil fuels is a major source of greenhouse
gas emission, especially for power, cement, steel, textile and
many other industries which rely on fossil fuels. The major
greenhouse gases emitted by these industries are carbon
dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydro-fluorocarbons etc.,
all of which increases the atmosphere’s ability to trap
infrared energy and thus affects the climate.

The concept of carbon credit came into existence as a result

of increasing awareness of the need for controlling emission.
 Carbon Credit
The goal is to allow market mechanisms to drive industrial
and commercial processes in the direction of low emission or
less carbon intensive approaches than those used when there
is no cost to emitting carbon dioxide and other GHGs into the
atmosphere.

Carbon credit and carbon markets are a component of

national and international attempts to mitigate the growth in
the concentration of greenhouse gases. One carbon credit is
equal to one ton of carbon dioxide, or in some markets carbon
dioxide equivalent gases.
 Carbon credit
permit which allows a country
or organization to produce a
certain amount of carbon
emissions and which can be
traded if the full allowance is
not use.
 How does its work...

Carbon credit are typically measured IN tons of CO2 _ equivalents (or CO2e) and
are bought and sold through number of international brokers, online retailers and
trading platform. Business that find it hard to comply with carbon emission
,purchase carbon credits to offset their emission by making finance readily
available to renewable energy projects, forest protection and reforestation
project around the world. These renewable energy and energy efficiency project
replace fossil fuel and industrial process.
This all helps business in mitigating their emissions and comply with global standards.
Offsetting one ton of carbon means their will be one less ton of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere than there would otherwise have been. Eg: when solar energy companies sell
carbon offset, this helps them as these projects become more viable. The buyers of the
offsets benefit as they can use these offsets to mitigate their greenhouse gas emissions. Many
types of activities can generate carbon offsets.
BENEFITS OF CARBON CREDIT
PRESENTED BY
AKHILA S NAIR
24 MBA :B
BENEFITS

 The biggest advantage of carbon credit is that they help in

reducing the global warming, because it is being
implemented all over the world.
 It helps the companies of developing world in generating
extra income from carbon credits.
 Energy saving initiatives becomes more popular because of
the awareness generated by carbon credits.
 It is also an alternative investment for people who are
looking for some innovative investments.
How buying carbon credits can reduce
emissions.
Carbon credits create a market for reducing green house emissions by giving a
monetary value to the cost of polluting the air. Emissions become an internal
cost of doing business and are visible on the balance sheet alongside raw
material and other liabilities or assets.