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ACQUIRED IMMUNO DEFICIENCY

SYNDROMS
:AIDS:
What is AIDS

• Caused by HIV (i.e., Human Immunodeficiency virus)

• Fatal & Dangerous virus because destroys the immune


system.

• Virus is too small.

• Aids is the last stage of the HIV infection.

• No vaccine.
HISTORY OR ORIGIN OF VIRUS AIDS
 Acc. to Renee Sabatier :

• Originated from old unknown human diseases

• Transmitted from species other than human being like


Monkeys, apes etc.

• Accidentally originated in the Labs

It was previously know as GRID (Guy-related


immunodeficiency) in 1981.

 French virologist reported in 1983 the isolation of new virus.


HISTORY OR ORIGIN OF VIRUS AIDS

 Further researches by USA and other countries virologist and


biologists gave a name to this diseases a HIV.

 This virus remains in body completely disguised and safe.

 It is difficult to detect asymptomatic HIV infected persons.


ORIGIN OF AIDS in India

• HIV in India : First HIV seropositive case in India was


identified in Madras & 1st AIDS case in May 1986.

• Since then till Aug. 2006 1,24,995 full blown AIDS cases have
been reported

• HIV +ve cases --- 2.5 million (2007 )


HIV : The Beigining
• Where did HIV come from?

– The earliest known case of HIV-1 in a human was from a


blood sample collected in 1959 from a man in Kinshasa,
Democratic Republic of Congo

– Unknown how virus was transmitted

– Genetic analysis of this blood sample suggested that HIV-1


STAGES OF HIV TO AIDS:-

• There are four stages for development of HIV to AIDS. They are as
follow:-

 PRIMARY – ACUTE (INITIAL HIV INFECTION) STAGE

 ASYMPTOMATIC (PERSISTENTLY ENLARGED GLANDS)


STAGE

SYMPTOMATIC (AIDS- RELATED COMPLEX) STAGE

AIDS (FULL-- BLOWN AIDS) STAGE


AIDS Detection

•Common two test are:-


 ELISA(ENZYME LINKED IMMUNIO ABSORBANT
ASSRY)
 WESTERN BLOT

• Other test are as follow:-


 VIRAL LOAD CULTURE TEST
 POLYMERAZ CHAIN REACTION TEST
 CD4 CELL COUNT TEST
 FLOURSCENT MICROSCOPIC TEST
How It Spread
 SEX WITH AN INFECTED PARTENER(includes both
heterosexual & homosexual relationships)

 TRANFUSION OF BLOOD & BLOOD PRODUCTS


INFECTED WITH HIV

 INJECTING DRUGS WITH INFECTED SYRINGES OR


NEEDLES

 INFECTED MOTHER TO HER UNBORN CHILD


TRANSMISSION OF HIV
The HIV virus is mainly transmitted following sources:-

COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS

 HOMOSEXUAL RELATIONS

 DRUG ADDICTS

 BLOOD DONORS

 HIV INFECTED WOMEN GIVING BIRTH TO

INFECTED CHILD

 USE OF BLADES FOR SHAVING


FACTS

•HIV is spreading at rate of new infection every 35 seconds.

•38.6 million people suffer from AIDS & 25 million people had
already become prey of it.

• 2.3 million people are HIV infected in India.

• India is one of the countries having high numbers of the HIV cases
in the world.
Its Common Not AIDS

• Its not spreads through

 Biting of mosquitoes,
 Holding\embracing\kissing,
 Shaking hands,
 Coughing,
 Sneezing or spitting,
 Sharing of public toilets,
 Swimming pools,
 Attending the same schools etc.

•No doctors ,nurses and other health workers are reported become
affected by treating the infected persons.
Impact on Society

• AIDS is not only a health problem, but also a societal


problem.

• It effects all the basic institutions of the society.

• It have economic consequences, social consequences and


also psychological consequences.

• It effects the GDP of the country also.


Impact on Society

• Major problem of the Aids is ISOLATION.

•It leads to other problems of the society.

• Its effects the most useful and active resource of the


country.
Role of the SOCIAL WORKER…….

•Most critical task of the social worker is to deal with the HIV/AIDS
infected person.

•The social worker has not only to work with infected but also with
the people who are more prone to get infected by this diseases.

•Major help that SW can provide is only counselling.


Role of the SOCIAL WORKER…….

•The counseling can be grouped in four categories:

1. PRE TEST COUNSSELLING


2. POST TEST COUNSELLING TO NON INFECTED
3. COUNSELLING TO HIV +VE
4. COUNSELLING TO AIDS PATIENT

•Has also to deal with the surrounding environment of the patient.

•PSYCHO--SOCIAL HELP
Steps To Control AIDS

• Can only be controlled through preventive education only.

• Some of the measures for preventing and protecting from

AIDS:-

o SAFE SEX education


o TRAINING TO DOCTORS AND NURSES
o PREVENTIONS AND CONTROL OF STD’S programes
o BLOOD TEST
o HIV TEST ARE MADE FREE & CONFIDENTIAL
o PROMOTTION OF PRECAUTIONARY MEDIUMS
o HELP OF VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS
AIDS IN INDIA
• Total
People living with HIV/AIDS is 3.1 millions in
INDIA
State/Union Antenatal clinic STD clinic HIV IDU HIV MSM HIV Female sex
Territory HIV prevalence prevalence 2007 prevalence 2007 prevalence 2007 worker HIV
2007 (%) (%) (%) (%) prevalence 2007
(%)
0.25 1.33 ... ... ...
Andhra Pradesh 1.00 17.20 3.71 17.04 9.74
Arunachal 0.00 0.00 0.00 ... ...
Pradesh

• 39% are female and 3.5% are children


0.00 0.50 2.41 2.78 0.44
0.25 0.40 0.60 0.00 3.40
0.25 0.42 8.64 3.60 0.40
Chhattisgarh 0.25 3.33 ... ... 1.43
D & N Haveli 0.50 ... ... ... ...
Daman & Diu 0.13 ... ... ... ...
0.25 5.20 10.10 11.73 3.15
0.18 5.60 ... 7.93 ...

•Major affected the states are Andhra Pradesh,


0.25 2.40 ... 8.40 6.53
Haryana 0.13 0.00 0.80 5.39 0.91
Himachal 0.00 0.00 ... 0.00 0.87
Pradesh
Jammu & 0.00 0.20 ... ... ...

Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka in the south; and


Kashmir
Jharkhand 0.00 0.40 ... ... 1.09
Karnataka 0.50 8.40 2.00 17.60 5.30
Kerala 0.38 1.60 7.85 0.96 0.87

Manipur and Nagaland in the north-east


0.00
Madhya Pradesh 0.00

0.50
0.00
1.72

11.62
...
...

24.40
...
...

11.80
...
0.67

17.91
Manipur 0.75 4.08 17.90 16.40 13.07
Meghalya 0.00 2.21 4.17 ... ...
Mizoram 0.75 7.13 7.53 ... 7.20
Nagaland 0.60 3.42 1.91 ... 8.91

• The highly affected age group in India is between 15 to


Orissa

Rajasthan
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.13
1.60
3.22
1.60
2.00
7.33
...
13.79
...
7.37
2.00
1.22
...
0.80
1.30
0.65
4.16

29 years.
0.09 0.00 0.47 ... 0.00
Tamil Nadu 0.25 8.00 16.80 6.60 4.68
Tripura 0.25 0.40 0.00 ... ...
Uttar Pradesh 0.00 0.48 1.29 0.40 0.78
Uttaranchal 0.00 0.00 ... ... ...
0.00 0.80 7.76 5.61 5.92
AIDS IN INDIA. . . .
Following is the Rate of the infected HIV person acc. to
age GroupWise:-
State/Union Antenatal clinic STD clinic HIV IDU HIV MSM HIV Female sex
Territory HIV prevalence prevalence 2007 prevalence 2007 prevalence 2007 worker HIV
2007 (%) (%) (%) (%) prevalence 2007
(%)
0.25 1.33 ... ... ...
Andhra Pradesh 1.00 17.20 3.71 17.04 9.74

Age group Arunachal


Pradesh
0.00

0.00
0.00

0.50
HIV prevalence (%)
0.00

2.41
...

2.78
...

0.44
0.25 0.40 0.60 0.00 3.40

Male
Chhattisgarh
D & N Haveli
0.25
0.25
0.50
0.42
3.33
...
8.64
...
...
3.60
...
...
Female 0.40
1.43
...
Total
Daman & Diu 0.13 ... ... ... ...

15-19 0.01 0.07 0.04


0.25 5.20 10.10 11.73 3.15
0.18 5.60 ... 7.93 ...
0.25 2.40 ... 8.40 6.53
Haryana 0.13 0.00 0.80 5.39 0.91

20-24 0.19 0.17 0.18


Himachal 0.00 0.00 ... 0.00 0.87
Pradesh
Jammu & 0.00 0.20 ... ... ...
Kashmir
Jharkhand 0.00 0.40 ... ... 1.09

25-29 0.43 Karnataka


Kerala
0.50
0.38
0.00
8.40
1.60
0.00
0.28
2.00
7.85
...
17.60
0.96
...
5.30
0.87
...
0.35
Madhya Pradesh 0.00 1.72 ... ... 0.67

30-34 0.64 Manipur


0.50
0.75
11.62
4.08
0.45
24.40
17.90
11.80
16.40
17.91
13.07
0.54
Meghalya 0.00 2.21 4.17 ... ...

35-39 0.53 0.23 0.37


Mizoram 0.75 7.13 7.53 ... 7.20
Nagaland 0.60 3.42 1.91 ... 8.91
Orissa 0.00 1.60 7.33 7.37 0.80
0.00 3.22 ... 2.00 1.30
0.00 1.60 13.79 1.22 0.65

40-44 0.41 Rajasthan 0.13


0.09
2.00
0.00
0.19
...
0.47
...
...
4.16
0.00
0.30
Tamil Nadu 0.25 8.00 16.80 6.60 4.68
Tripura 0.25 0.40 0.00 ... ...

45-49 0.48 Uttar Pradesh


Uttaranchal
0.00
0.00
0.48
0.00 0.17
1.29
...
0.40
...
0.78
... 0.33
0.00 0.80 7.76 5.61 5.92

Total age 15-49 0.36 0.22 0.28


The following is HIV and AIDS infected picture of the Gujarat state till
200712.76
14.0
12.4

12.0 12.2

10.0
9.2

8
8.0
Prevalence

6.7 7.6
6.8 6.8
5.76 5.76 7.2
6.0
4.61 4.4
3.6
4.0 3.27
2.4
1.6
2.0 0.58 0.5 0.13 0.5
0.38 0.5 0.25
0.38 0.38
0.25
0.0

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
District wise Categorization ( NACO CENTRES )

A Category B Category C Category D Category


Surat Ahmedabad Amreli Gandhinagar
Mehsana Bhavnagar Anand Jamnagar
Dahod Rajkot Bharuch Junagadh
Surendranagar Vadodara Kutch Kheda
Banaskantha Narmada Porbandar
Navsari Panchmahal Valsad
Patan Tapi
Sabarkantha
Dang

6 4 9 7
THANK YOU……
BY:-
Narendra Prajapati
Rahul Vasava
Amit Srivastva
Hardik Joshi
Anup Bhogle

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