Differentiated Services

Model Overview

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 Foreword

This section introduces the characteristics, marking and Per

Hop Behavior (PHB) of the Differentiated Services Model.

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 Objectives

Upon completion of this section, you will be able to:

 Describe the basic principles of the differentiated services model

 Describe the marking schemes of the Type of Service field

 Describe the differences and features between various PHB

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 Differentiated Services Model
Perform PHB according to
marking
……

Set TCA according to SLA

Perform PHB
Set TCA according to SLA Classify and mark traffic
according to
Classify and mark traffic Monitor traffic
marking
Monitor traffic ……
……
……

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 SLA and TCA
 SLA: Service Level Agreement

The SLA is an agreement signed by the ISP and the customer to

stipulate the treatment that the service flow of the customer should
obtain on the network of the ISP.
The Service Level Specification (SLS) is the SLA without commercial
terms.
 Traffic Conditioning Agreement (TCA)

The TCA is an agreement signed by the ISP and the customer to

stipulate the service classification rule, service model, and service
processing policy.
Traffic Conditioning Specification (TCS) is the TCA without
commercial terms.

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 Marking Field

Version IHL Type Of Service Total Length

Identification markings Fragment Offset

TTL Protocol Header Checksum

Source Address
Destination Address

Options

R R R

IP Precedence TOS DSCP

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 IP Precedence and TOS
IP Precedence TOS

Max. reliability
000 Routine
001 Priority
Min. monetary cost
010 Immediate
011 Flash
100 Flash Override Max. throughput
101 Critical
110 Internetwork Control
111 Network Control Min. delay

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 DSCP: DiffServ Code Point
DSCP (RFC2474)

R R

 Default PHB

 Class Selector (IP Precedence) PHB

 Expedited Forwarding (EF) PHB
 Assured Forwarding (AF) PHB
Each DSCP value maps a BA.
Each BA is assigned a PHB.
Each PHB is implemented by
a group of QoS mechanisms.

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 Default PHB

 Default DSCP: 000000

 Default PHB

 FIFO, first in first out

 Tail-drop
FIFO

Tail-drop

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 CS PHB
Ensures the compatibility with the nodes not supporting DSCP.

The three high-order bit maps the IP precedence value.

CS Class DSCP Value Precedence Value Precedence Class

Default 000000 0 Routine
CS1 001000 1 Priority
CS2 010000 2 Immediate
CS3 011000 3 Flash
CS4 100000 4 Override Flash
CS5 101000 5 Critical
CS6 110000 6 Internetwork Control
CS7 111000 7 Network Control

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 AF PHB

 Guarantees certain bandwidth.

 Permits occupation of idle bandwidth.

C C C D D 0

Class Drop probability

Class1 Class2 Class3 Class4
Low drop
001010 010010 011010 100010
precedence
Medium drop
001100 010100 011100 100100
precedence
High drop
001110 010110 011110 100110
precedence

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 EF PHB

 DSCP value: 101110

 Minimizes the delay.

 Guarantees certain bandwidth for preferential services.

 Discards extra traffic if the total traffic exceeds the specified

bandwidth.

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 Summary

 Which markings are used in the

DiffServ model?

 Which DSCP PHBs are defined in

the DiffServ model?

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Thank You
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