DR K Venkatachalam

ON EARTH AND ROCKFILL DAMS
by
Dr.K.Venkatachalam
Consultant EDF
NTPC KOLDAM PROJECT
(HP)
Clay Core #1
TYPICAL CROSS SECTION OF NTPC
KOL DAM PROJECT (HP)
Filter #2, #4, #7
Hard Rockfill #8
Upstream Cofferdam Shell #5,#9

Dr. K. Venkatachalam
Details of zones of the dam
Shell #5
Coarse Filter #4
Fine Filter #2
Clay Core #1
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
 SAFTEY AND SATISFACTORY

PERFORMANCE REQUIRE :
 COMPETENT AND ADEQUATE SUPERVISION

 CAREFUL INSPECTION
 CONTROL TESTING
4
INTERACTION OF RESIDENT ENGINEER
WITH CC
 TO PROVIDE ADDITIONAL DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
 TO PROVIDE REQUIRED FIELD SUPERVISION
AND CONTROL
 TO COORDINATE THE WORKS WITH
DESIGNERS
 TO PROVIDE GUIDANCE TO THE CC
IN CASE OF SURPRISES ENCOUNTERED DURING
CONSTRUCTION
5
FOUNDATION TREATMENT
6
CAVITIES IN THE ABUTMENT
FOUNDATION
7
DENTAL CONCRETING/ GROUTING
8
INTERACTION OF CONSTRUCTION &
DESIGN ENGINEERS
9
IMPORTANCE OF CONSTRUCTION QC
 POOR CONSTRUCTION QC
 POOR MATERIAL QC
CREATED SIGNS OF DISTRESS AND PARTIAL

FAILURES IN EARTH AND ROCKFILL DAMS
CALLED FOR EXPENSIVE REMEDIAL MEASURES
10
CLOSE OBSERVATIONS BY GEOTECH.
ENGINEERS/GEOLOGISTS
 EARLY DETECTION OF SEEPAGE PROBLEMS

 OPENING OF FOUNDATIONS
 OPENING OF ABUTMENTS
 OPENING OF BORROW AREAS
11
CONT.
 EXCAVATION OPERATIONS
 DEFORMATION OF FOUNDATIONS
 FILL OPERATIONS
 ABUTMENTS
 AROUND INSTRUMENTS
 REST OF THE DAM LENGTH/WIDTHS
 DEFORMATIONS OF FILL MATERIALS
12
RESIDENT ENGINEER’S RESPONSIBILITY
 REPORTING OF UNEXPECTED GEOLOGICAL

SURPRISES
 CO-ORDINATION WITH DESIGN ENGINEERS
FOR
 ANY ADDITIONAL DESIGN /MODIFICATIONS
 CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
 TO PROVIDE THE REQUIRED FIELD
SUPERVISION
 TO ENHANCE CONSTRUCTION QC TESTS
13
CONT.
 TO PROVIDE GUIDANCE TO THE CC IN CASE

OF SURPRISES ENCOUNTERED
 REVIEW OF CONSTRUCTION PLANS FOR
 QUALITY CONTROL
 DEWATERING
 DRAINING WORK AREAS
 HAUL ROADS
 INSPECTION OF ACTUAL OPERATIONS
14
RIGHT BANK ROCK SLIDE
15
INTERACTION OF CONSTRUCTION &
DESIGN ENGINEERS
 REASSES THE DESIGN CONCEPT IN THE

LIGHT OF ACTUAL FIELD OBSERVATIONS
 FREQUENT VISITS TO THE PROJECT TO
OBSERVE ACTUAL CONDITIONS/
CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
 CONSULTATION WITH SPECILISTS
 ANALYSIS OF COMPACTION CONTROL
RESULTS
16
ANALYSIS OF STABILITY CONDITIONS
BASED ON
 RESULTS OF LAB TESTS
 ADDITIONAL FOUNDATION SAMPLES
 PORE WATER PRESSURES
 SETTLEMENT OBSERVATIONS
 LATERAL DEFORMATIONS
HIGH DEGREE OF COORDINATION BETWEEN

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERS AND
ALSO SPECIALISTS IS MANDITORY
17
CONTINUOUS MONITORING DURING
IMPOUNDING/RESERVOIR OPS.
 BASED ON FILL PIEZOMETERS

 DEVELOPMENT OF PORE PRESSURES(U/S)
 DISSIPATION OF PORE PRESSURE(D/S)
 EVALUATION OF ‘B’PARAMETERS
 INTERPRETATION OF ‘B’ PARAMETERS
 EXISTANCE OF CRACKS
 PERFORMANCE OF FILTER MATERIALS(D/S)
 MIGRATION OF FINES(FACE OF D/S FINE FILTER)
 POSSIBILITY OF PIPING WITHIN CORE ZONE
18
CONT.
 BASED ON FOUNDATION PIEZOMETERS

 EFFICIENCY OF GROUT CURTAIN
 PIEZOMETRIC HEAD (U/S TO D/S)
 BASED ON OTHER INSTRUMENTS
 HORIZONTAL MOVEMENT
 SETTLEMENTS (ABSOLUTE/DIFFERENTIAL)
 U/S SLOPE FAILURE
 D/S SLOPE FALIURE
 BASED ON SEEPAGE MEASUREMENT WEIRS
 EVALUATION OF SEEPAGE WATER
 EFFICIENCY OF GROUT CURTAIN
19
BASED ON VISUAL INSPECTION ROUTINE
 ALONG GROUTING GALLERIES

 ALONG DRAINAGE GALLERIES
 ALONG DAM CREST
 ALONG D/S FACE OF THE DAM
 WETNESS
 DEPRESSION
 ALONG D/S ABUTMENTS
 WETNESS
 EROSION
 RESERVOIR RIM SLOPE STABILITY (BY
BOAT)
20
UNSTABLE RESERVOIR RIM
21
IN CASE OF EMERGENT SITUATION
 CONTROLLED RATE OF FILLING (IF

REQUIRED)
 DEPLETION OF RESERVOIR (IF REQUIRED)
 ENHANCED GROUTING ACTIVITIES
 DRILLING OF ADDITIONAL DRAINING
HOLES
22
FAILURE OF TETON DAM
23
IMPORTANCE OF COMPLETION
REPORT
 NARRATIVE HISTORY OF THE PROJECT

 SCHEDULES OF STARTING AND
COMPLEATING OF VARIOUS PHASES OF
THE PROJECT
 TREATMENT OF UNSUAL CONDITIONS
 CONSTRUCTION METHODS
 QUANTITIES OF MATERIALS INVOLVED
24
CONT.
 MAINTAINANCE OF RECORDS OF VARIOUS

QUALITY CONTROL RESULTS
 CONSTRUCTION PHOTOGRAPHS/ VIDEO
PHOTOGRAPHY
 SUMMARY OF FIELD COMPACTION
CONTROL DATA AND LABORATORY TEST
RESULTS
 SUMMARY OF OTHER TESTS RESULTS FOR
ACCEPTANCE CONTROL
25
CONT.
 STABILITY ANALYSIS BASED ON

INSTRUMENTATION DURING
 CONSTRUCTION
 IMPOUNDING
 RESERVOIR OPERATIONS
 SUMMARY OF INSTRUMENTATION DATA
 REFERENCES TO
 CONFERENCES
 INSPECTION TO OTHER EXISTING SIMILAR
PROJECTS
RESULTING ACTIONS IMPLEMENTED IN THE
PROJECT
26
GLIMPSES OF NTPC KOL DAM HE
PROJECT (HP)
27
DIVERSION TUNNELS- LUV & KUSH
28
MAIN DAM,DECANTING CHAMBER,
SPILLWAY,etc.
29
D/S FACE OF THE DAM (RIP-RAP)
30
SYSTEMATIC PLACEMENT OF RIP-RAP
MATERIAL (D/S)
31
CONCLUSION
THE DESIGN OF AN EARTH AND ROCKFILL

DAM IS NOT FININSHED UNTIL
 THE CONSTRUCTION IS COMPLETE

 THE RESERVOIR IMPOUNDING IS COMPLETE
 THE DAM IS FUNCTIONING SATISFACTORILY
32
THANK YOU
33

DR K Venkatachalam

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ON EARTH AND ROCKFILL DAMS

Upstream Cofferdam Shell #5,#9

 SAFTEY AND SATISFACTORY

 COMPETENT AND ADEQUATE SUPERVISION

CREATED SIGNS OF DISTRESS AND PARTIAL

 EARLY DETECTION OF SEEPAGE PROBLEMS

 REST OF THE DAM LENGTH/WIDTHS

 DEFORMATIONS OF FILL MATERIALS

 REPORTING OF UNEXPECTED GEOLOGICAL

 TO PROVIDE GUIDANCE TO THE CC IN CASE

 REASSES THE DESIGN CONCEPT IN THE

HIGH DEGREE OF COORDINATION BETWEEN

 BASED ON FILL PIEZOMETERS

 BASED ON FOUNDATION PIEZOMETERS

 ALONG GROUTING GALLERIES

 CONTROLLED RATE OF FILLING (IF

 NARRATIVE HISTORY OF THE PROJECT

 MAINTAINANCE OF RECORDS OF VARIOUS

 STABILITY ANALYSIS BASED ON

THE DESIGN OF AN EARTH AND ROCKFILL

 THE CONSTRUCTION IS COMPLETE

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