How Animals Survive

• Animals can live in many different

places in the world because they have
special adaptations to the area they live
in.
• Camels have learned to adapt or change
so that they can survive .
• Animals depend on their physical
features to help them obtain food,keep
safe,build homes,with stans,weather,and
attract mates.
Types of Animals
Based on the absence or presence of
backbone,animals can be divided.

1.Animals with backbone ( Vertebrate )

2.Animals without backbone
(Invertebrate )
VERTEBRATES
Vertibrates can be divided into:
1.Fish
4.Birds
2.Amphibians
5.Mammals
3.Reptiles
• Fish,Amphibians and Reptiles are Cold-
blooded animals.This means that their
body temperature changes with the change
in the temperature of the sorrounding .
•
• Warm blooded animals :Animals that have
same temperature inside the body all the
time
•
• Birds and mammals are warm blooded
animals.
2. Fish
• Lives in water
• Breath through Grills
• Have fins to swim
• Body is covered by scale
• Are cold-blooded animals
Examples: Cod, Shark,Mackerel
COD ,SHARK,MACKEREL
2.AMPHIBIANS
• Lives both land and water
• Breath both through lungs and moist
skin
• Are cold-blooded animals
• Examples: Frog ,Toap ,Newt
3. REPTILES
• Live mainly on land
• Have scaly skins and reproduce by
laying eggs are reptiles.
• Are Cold-blooded animals
• Examples: Lizard,Snake and
Crocodile
Lizard,Snake and Crocodile
4.Birds
• Birds have a light body
• They are covered with feathers
• They have wings that help them to fly
• Are warm-blooded animals.
• Examples: Crow ,Sparrow, Eagle etc.
Crow ,Sparrow, Eagle
5.MAMMALS
• Animals that give Birth to babies
(except the platypus and anteater)
• They breath through lungs and have four
limbs.
• Are warm-blooded animals.
• Examples: Human,Elepant ,Horse
,Cow, Dog
Human,Elepant ,Horse ,Cow, Dog
 Based on where animals live ,they are
grouped:
• Terrestrial animals - Live on Land

• Aquatic animals - Live in Water

• Amphibians - Live on both on Land and Water

• Arboreal animals - Lives mostly on tree

• Aerial animals -Fly and spend a lot of time in the air

Animals grouped based on food they
eat
HERBIVORES - Animals that eat plants.They
have sharp teeth for biting and cutting and very
strong teeth for grinding as plant food needs to
be chewed a lot as it is very rich in substance
called cellulose.Examples: Horse, Cow.
CARNIVORES - Animals that eat the flesh of
other animals.Most carnivorous animals have
very sharp teeth for tearing out the flesh of its
prey. Examples: Lion,Tiger, Snake and Lizard
• OMNIVORES AND SCAVENGERS -
Animals that eat plants as well as the flesh of
other animals. Examples: Crow, Bear and
Human Beings. Flesh eating animals that
feed on the flesh of dead animals.Example:
Vulture , Hyena.
•
 Many Animals have adapted themselves to
the environment and to protect themselves
from their enemies.
• Animals like elephant and hipopotamus have
thick skin to protect themselves from the hot
climate.
• Some animals have very strong legs and are
able to run very fast and can easily run away
from danger. For example, deer and gazelle.
• PARASITES- Some small animals get their
food from other living organisms.They get
their food by sucking the blood of their
host.They may live on or inside the body of
their gost.Example: Fleas and Live live on
the host body, Tapeworm, Roundworm and
Hook worm live inside thw host's body.
• Some animals like chameleon,zebra,arcric
fox,polar bear and frog can trick their
enemies because thier body colour easily
blends with their sorrundings,thus confusing
their enemies. This is known as
camouflaging.

• A chameleon can also change its body colour

according to te sorroundings. Grasshapper
and the stick insect are other examples of
animals that show perfect camouflage
1.Nutrients- Animals feed on solid and liquid food
obtained from plants or other animals . The process that
convert food substances into living matter is known as
nutrition . It involves the following.
A. Feeding- the intake of food.
B. Digestion- large food molecules are broken down into
soluble molecules.
2. Digestive System- involves physical digestion , the
breakdown is of food into smaller particles which
occurs in the mouth and stomach . Chemical
digestion is the breakdown of large molecules
such as protein starch , and fats.
3.Circulatory system- transports blood from the heart to
the carries oxygen rich blood from the heart to organs
and tissues .
4.Respiratory system – supplies body cells with
oxygen. Water and carbon dioxide as waste
,products. The organs involve heart , blood vessels,
blood, lymph nodes.
5.Excretory system- remove waste from the body.
The organs functioning are kidneys, urinary bladder,
ureters and urethra.
6.Nervous system- regulates behavior , maintains
homeostasis, controls sensory and motor functions.
Organs are sense organs, spinal cord and brain.
7. Reproductive system- involves the production of new
individuals . The organs needed are testes and penis and
males and ovaries, and uterus in females.
8. Endocrine system- regulates body temperature ,
metabolism, development, maintains homestasis
regulates other organ system.
9. Musculatory system- moves limbs and trunk,
move substances through the body, provides
structure and support . Organs involve are the
skeletal system, smooth and cardiac muscles.
10.Skeletal system- protects and supports the body parts
determination of body shape, blood cell ,production
sites, calcium, phosporus storage storage sites. Bones
and joints are involved .
11.Immune system- depend the body against
pathigens and diseases. White blood cells, lymph
nodes and skin are involved.
12.Integumentary system of body covering- protects
the skin from external environment , protection from
loss of internal fluids , body temperature regulation,
elimination of some wastes, reception of external
stimuli .Skin nails and hair are the organs involved
How Plants Survive

Plants need many things to survive on

land such as Water, Nutrients, Air, Light,
Temperature, Space and Time.During the
process of photosynthesis, plants use
carbon dioxide to make food and release
oxygen, as a result. Roots carry water and
nutrients to the plants.
• Water - This helps hold the plant upright.It is
needed during photosynthesis and it makes
and moves the nutrients through the plant.
• Nutrients - These help the plant grow.They
aid in seed production, help it develop strong
roots and protects the plant from disease.
• Air - A plant needs to utilize the carbon
dioxide. It helps the plant create energy,
during the Carbon dioxide into oxygen.
•
• Light - The plant needs this to live. It uses
this make its own food.
• Temperature - A plant needs just right level
of this, however, it varies depending on the
plant.
• Space - A plant needs this in order for its
roots to be able to spread. The leaves need
this in order yo expandand take in sunlight.
• Time - This is important for reproduction. A
plant needs this to grow, and to produce food.
•
• Some plants have special features that help
them to repel predators. Other plants can
survive and even thrive in hostile
environments, such as cold and rocky
mountains.
• In areas of little rainfall, plants known as
XEROPHYTES have developed special
methods for collecting and storing water.
• Another group of amazing plant survivors
are known as HALOPHYTES. They can
endure extremely salty regions, such as salt
marshes, salt pans, and sand dunes.