Network topology describe the

layout of a network , that is, how

the computers, cables within a
data communication network are
interconnected both physically
and logically.
The bus topology is used when
the network installation is too
small, simple or temporary.
The speed of bus topology is
slow because only one
computer send the message at
a time. A computer must wait
until the bus is free before it
can transmit.
DRAWBACK OF BUS
TOPOLOGY
Heavy network traffic slows
down the bus traffic.
The BNC connectors used for
expansion of the bus
attenuates the signal
considerably.
A cable break causes the
reflection and brings down the
whole network causing whole
network activity to stop.
In ring topology the data are
transferred in a sequential manner
bit by bit around the ring. Each
repeater will regenerate and
retransmit each bit.
No one computer can monopolies
the network because every
computer is given equal access to
the token.
DRAWBACK OF RING TOPOLOGY
Failure of one computer in the
ring can affect the whole network.
It is difficult to troubleshoot the
ring.
Adding or removing the
computers disturbs the whole
activity.
In a star topology ,all the cables
run from the computers to a
central location where they are
all connected by a adevice called
hub .
Stars are used in concentrated
networls ,where the end points
are directly reachable from a
central location when network
expansion is expressed and when
the greater reliability of a star
topology is required.
DRAWBACK OF STAR
TOPOLOGY
If the central hub fails, the
whole network fails to operate.
Many star network require a
device at the central point to
rebroadcast or switch the
network traffic.
The cable cost is more since the
cable must be pulled from all the
computer to the central hub.
In a mesh topology, every device
has a dedicated point to point
link to every other device.
Here, the term dedicated means
that the link carries only
between two device it connects.
A mesh topology is robust
because the failure of single
computer does not bring down
the entire network..
DRAWBACK OF MESH
TOPOLOGY
Since every computer must be
connected to every other
computer installation and
reconfiguration is difficult.
Cabling cost is more.
The hardware require to
connect each link input/output
and cable is expensive.
A tree topology is the variation
of star .As in a star nodes in a
tree are linked to a central hub
that controls the traffic to the
network.
However not every computer
plugs into the central hub ,
majority of the m are connected
to secondary hub which in turn is
connected to the entral hub.
It all ows more devices to be
attached to a single hub and can
therefore increase the distance
of a single can travel between
devices.
DRAWBACK OF TREE
TOPOLOGY
If the central hub is fail
the system breaks down.
The cabling cost is more.