PSYCHOANALYSIS

o A school of thought developed by Sigmund

Freud, psychoanalysis refers to a theory of the
mind and its direct connection to personality and
behavior
o The basic premise of psychoanalysis is that the
human mind has an unconscious state.
-thoughts, memories, emotions and feelings from a
person’s conscious mind;
-drives and desires in a person’s unconscious
mind
 - method by which the troubling unconscious
material, such as memories and desires, is
brought to the level of the conscious mind so that
the individual could better understand himself or
herself better.
 - developed by Sigmund Freud
- a personality theory which posits that at different
stages of growth, the individual derives pleasure
from different parts of the body.
- psychosexual: relating to pressure and the
human body
- libido: the natural mental energy that operates
the mechanisms of the mind
 5 STAGES OF
PSYCHOSEXUAL
DEVELOPMENT
- the first stage
- manifests from birth to approximately
18 months of age
- During this period, the child is totally
dependent on others to provide for his or
her needs.
- Pleasure is derived from the use of
mouth activities such as sucking,
chewing, and biting.
- personality developed: dependence
- the second stage
- begins at 18 months and lasts
until 3 years when the child is
being toilet-trained
- personality developed in this stage:
independence, self-control and sense
of accomplishment
- the third stage
- takes place from 3 to 6 years of age
- During this period, the child develops
an attraction to their parent of the
opposite sex and sees a jealous and
rivalrous relationship with his or her
parent of the same sex.
> termed as Oedipus complex (boys) and
Electra complex (girls)
- the fourth stage
- manifested from 6 to 12 years
old
- personality developed in this
stage are associated with: social
skills and social interactions
- the fifth stage
- manifests from 12 years of
age onward, or from puberty
to adulthood
- personality developed:
sexual maturity
 Freud’s psychoanalytic personality theory
provides three levels of awareness:

 The conscious level of the mind is accessible

information, memories and thoughts an
individual has.
 The preconscious is the level where
accessible and retrievable information are
situated, but are ot currently in the conscious
level.
 The unconscious is the inaccessible
memories, thoughts emotions and feelings
that are most populated by childhood events.
The id, ego, and superego are the
parts that are constitutive of
personality that occupy these
three levels of mind.
 ID
It is the first part to develop, which
occupies the unconscious level.
Because the id is the biological
aspect (instincts and basic urges) of
personality, it only seeks pleasure
and demands instant gratification.
It only demands what it wants
without reason or logic.
 EGO
Second to develop, ego resides in
the conscious and preconscious
levels of the mind. It is considered
as the center of logic and reason
and the decision-maker.
 SUPEREGO
It is the third to develop and resides
in all three levels of the mind. It is
considered as the person’s
conscience. The superego demands
strict adherence to the laws of
society and conformity to social
norms. It merely asserts and
demands moral perfection.
SIGMUND FREUD
- An Austrian neurologist
- “Father of Psychoanalysis”
- Freud’s theory states that
behavior and personality are
driven by past events which are
mostly inaccessible to an
individual’s consciousness.
- Freudian slip/slip of the tongue
 CARL JUNG
- A Swiss psychiatrist and
psychotherapist
- Founded the school of thought
called analytic psychology
- For Jung, a healthy mental life is
achieved through a balanced and
well understood personality.
- Concepts of introversion and
extroversion
JACQUES LACAN
- A French psychiatrist and
psychoanalyst
- Lacan said that psychotherapy
requires a communication
between the patient and the
specialist
- His psychoanalytic theory
centered on language
 ERIC FROMM
- A German sociologist,
psychologist and psychoanalyst
- Developed a distinct type of
psychoanalysis called humanistic
psychoanalysis
- His theory assumes that human
have lost their ties with nature and
are now left with no instincts
capable to adapt the ever-changing
world.
- He called human’s rationalization
‘human dilemma’
LOUIS ALTHUSSER
- A French Marxist philosopher
- For Althusser, ideology is a
reflection or misrepresentation of
our already imaginary
understanding of the world
- He created the idea that an
individual is turned into a subject
and a member of society through
ideology
• Psychoanalysis is mainly criticized as unscientific or,
even at times, a pseudoscience.
• Psychoanalysis takes a phenomenological approach
instead of positivistic approach in investigating the mind.
• Psychoanalytic theory is also allegedly untestable and is
not falsifiable.
• Because most of the psychoanalytic theories are based on
case studies, their applicability is questioned to be
limited only to the specific cases studied and not to
the general public.