Performance Measures

CROSS-FLOW TRAFFIC: PROBABILITY OF CONFLICT

 Level of Service

 PEDESTRIAN WALKWAY LOS

 Level of Service
 PEDESTRIAN WALKWAY LOS

LOS D:
Pedestrian Space > 1.4–2.2 m2/p Flow Rate > 33–
49 p/min/m

LOS E:
Pedestrian Space > 0.75–1.4 m2/p Flow Rate > 49–
75 p/min/m

LOS F:
Pedestrian Space ≤ 0.75 m2/p Flow Rate varies
p/min/m
 Level of Service
 QUEUING AREA LOS (with standing pedestrians)

LOS A
Average Pedestrian Space > 1.2 m2/p

LOS B
Average Pedestrian Space > 0.9–1.2 m2/ p

LOS C
Average Pedestrian Space > 0.6–0.9 m2/p
 Level of Service
QUEUING AREA LOS (with standing pedestrians)

LOS D
Average Pedestrian Space > 0.3–0.6 m2/p

LOS E
Average Pedestrian Space > 0.2–0.3 m2/p

LOS F
Average Pedestrian Space ≤ 0.2 m2/p
5 Different types of
Pedestrian Lane
 Pelican Crossings

 You will notice zig-zag lines and traffic lights.

 This kind of crossing is activated when a pedestrian presses a
button. The traffic lights will then change from green to
amber and then to red. After a period of time, the traffic
lights will then change to a flashing amber light (meaning
that you can drive on as long as the pedestrians are no
longer on the crossing) and then green.
 Give way to any pedestrians that are still on the crossing
even if you have a green light.
 Is the only crossing which has a flashing amber light as part
of its sequence.
 Puffin Crossings
 It is very similar to Pelican crossings, but have sensors on top of the traffic
lights.
 These sensor detect if pedestrians are crossing slowly and can hold the red
traffic light longer if needed.
 These do not have a flashing amber light as part of its sequence and phase
like normal traffic lights.
 Zebra Crossings

 Easily recognisable because of the black and white lines

that go across the width of the road.
 On approach to a zebra crossing you will notice flashing
amber beacons and zig-zag lines on the road.
 There are any traffic lights.
 Toucan Crossings

 Toucan( Two can cross) crossings are similar to

Pelican crossings, but they allow cyclists and
pedestrians to across.
 There are normally found near parks or cycle
lanes.
 Do not have a flashing amber light as part of its
sequence and phase like normal traffic lights.
 Pegasus Crossings

o Similar to Toucan crossings, but these allow horse to riders to cross too.
o These crossings have two sets of buttons at different heights. One is at a
normal height for pedestrians and cyclist and another which is positioned
two meters above the ground for horse riders. This helps the horse riders
as they don't have to dismount in order to operate the crossing.
o Sensors detect movement on the crossing and can hold the red light
longer.
o Do not have a flashing amber light as part of its sequence and phase like
normal traffic lights.
REQUIRED INPUT DATA AND ESTIMATED VALUES
Length of Sidewalk: The length of a sidewalk can be approximately equal
to the length of an urban street.

 Effective Width
Street Corner Radius

The street corner radius depends on several factors, including:

the speed of vehicles,
the angle of the intersection,
the types of vehicles in the turning volume, and
right-of-way limitations on the connecting sidewalks.
 Vehicle Flow

- Is the study of total volume of vehicle per time period.

Interaction between Pedestrian and
Vehicle
-Jaywalking is one of the conflict between pedestrian and vehicles
-maximum vehicle flow will be greatly affected as long as there are jaywalking
pedestrians; retreating behavior may lead to the fluctuation in vehicle flow; the
maximum vehicle flow is greater if more pedestrians choose the behavior of fast
crossing.
Three Measures of the traffic
Performance
 Transportation Efficiency
 Energy economy
 Traffic safety