Production of

Acetaldehyde
S Dinesh Guhan
S Nandhakumar
Contents
 INTRODUCTION
 PROPERTIES
 MANUFACTURING PROCESS
 SELECTED METHODOLOGY
 APPLICATION
 PLANT LOCATION
 REFERENCES
Introduction
 Ethanal is one of the oldest known aldehydes
 First made in 1774 by Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele
 Method: Action of manganese dioxide and sulfuric acid on ethanol
 Justus von Liebig determined the constitution of ethanal, described its
preparation from ethanol
 The formation of acetaldehyde by the addition of water to acetylene was observed
by Kutscherow in 1881.
 First used extensively during World War 1 as an intermediate for making acetone
from acetic acid.
 Ethanal (acetaldehyde) is the name of the shortest carbon chain aldehyde.
Properties

Physical properties Chemical properties

 Molecular Formula C2H4O  Oxidation: Acetaldehyde is readily
 Physical State Colourless oxidised with oxygen or air
liquid
 Reduction: Acetaldehyde is
 Molecular Weight 44.053
g/mol readily reduced to ethanol
 Melting Point -123.5 °C  Reactions with Halogens:
 Boiling Point 21°C @ Halogens readily replace the
760 mm Hg hydrogen atoms of the methyl
 Water Solubility Miscible group
 Density 0.78g/cm3
Methods of preparation
 Oxidation of Ethylene
 Oxidation of Ethyl alcohol
 Hydration of Acetylene

 Since 1960, the liquid- phase oxidation of ethylene has been the process
of choice. However, there is still commercial production by the partial oxidation
of ethyl alcohol, dehydrogenation of ethyl alcohol and the hydration of
acetylene.
Selected Method

From ethylene
 Cost effective
 35-45% conversion
 Ethylene is produced in
the petrochemical
industry and it’s hence
not classified as a
green product
Applications
 Used as an intermediate in the production of acetic acid, acetic anhydride,
cellulose acetate, vinyl acetate resins, acetate esters, pentaerythritol, synthetic
pyridine derivatives, terephthalic acid and peracetic acid
 In the silvering of mirrors
 In leather tanning
 As a denaturant for alcohol
 In fuel mixtures
 As synthetic flavouring agent
 Manufacture of cosmetics, aniline dyes, plastics and synthetic rubber.
Plant locations
COMPANY NAME LOCATION
 King Chemicals Ltd Chennai
 Trichy Distilleries & Chemicals Ltd Trichy
 Ashok Organics India Ltd Unit-1 Ankleshwar
 Cellulose Products of India Ltd Ankleshwar
 EID Parry(India) Ltd Chennai
 Indian Drugs & Pharmaceuticals Ltd Muzafarpur
 Industrial Organics Ltd Ludhiana
References
 Ullman. ULLMANN'S Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Vol. 1.
 Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Vol. 2.
 Dryden, C.E., “Outlines of Chemicals Technology”, Edited and revised by
Gopala Rao, M. and M. Sittig, 2nd edition
 Austin, G. T., “Shreve’s Chemical Process Industries”, 5th ed., Mcgraw Hill.
 Bhaskara Rao, B. K., “A Text on Petrochemicals”, 1st ed., Khanna Publishers.
 Wiseman. P., “Petrochemicals”, UMIST series in science and technology.
 H. Stenier, “Introduction to petrochemicals industry”, Pergamon.
THANK
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