FOUR WHEELSTEERING SYSTEM

NANDHU RAJ S
S5 MECHANICAL
ROLL NO: 33
GPTC EZHUKONE

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 CONTENTS

• INTRODUCTION
• WORKING PRINCIPLE
• TYPES OF FOUR WHEEL STEERING SYSTEM
• ADVANTAGES
• DISADVANTAGES
• APPLICATION
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCE

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 INTRODUCTION

• 4 wheel steering is a method developed in automobile industry

for the effective turning of the vehicle and to increase the
maneuverability in a typical front wheel steering system the
rear wheels do not turn in the direction of the curve and thus
curve on the efficiency of the steering. In 4 wheel steering the
rear wheels turn with the front wheels thus increasing the
efficiency of the vehicle. The direction of the steering the rear
wheels relative to the front wheels depends on the operating
conditions.

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 WORKING PRINCIPLE

• When the steering is steered, the power is transferred to the front

steering gear box and a bevel gear arrangement is made to transfer
the power to the rear steering gear box.
• Bevel gear is used to transmit the rotary motion perpendicularly, So
the one bevel gear is introduced in the front steering road, other
bevel gear is connected to the transfer road.
• Two supports are used to support the transfer rod .transfer rod is
connected to the rear steering gear box. Rear steering gear box is
fixed to the car body by bolts and nuts and the ends of the steering
box are connected to the rear wheel hub where the tyre’s are
mounted
• As the steering is steered the rear wheels also turn by the
arrangements made and the rear wheel turn in the opposite direction

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 4WS SYSTEM PARTS

• Rack and pinion front steering

• Hydraulically controlled
• Rear steering shaft
• Vehicle speed sensors
• Steering phase control unit
• Centering lock spring
• Solenoid valve

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 MECHANICAL 4WS SYSTEM

• In a straight-mechanical type of 4WS, two steering gears are

used-one for the front and the other for the rear wheels.
• A steel shaft connects the two steering gearboxes and
terminates at an eccentric shaft that is fitted with an offset pin.
• This pin engages a second offset pin that fits into a planetary
gear.
• The planetary gear meshes with the matching teeth of an
internal gear that is secured in a fixed position to the gear box
housing.
• This means that the planetary gear can rotate but the internal
gear cannot.

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• The eccentric pin of the planetary gear fits into a hole in a
slider for the steering gear.

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 HYDRUALIC 4WS SYSTEM
• The hydraulically operated four-wheel-steering system is a
simple design, both in components and operation.
• The rear wheels turn only in the same direction as the front
wheels.
• They also turn no more than 11/2 degrees.
• The system only activates at speeds above 30 mph (50 km/h)
and does not operate when the vehicle moves in reverse.
• A two way hydraulic cylinder mounted on the rear stub frame
turn the wheels.

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• Fluid for this cylinder is supplied by a rear steering pump that
is driven by the differential.
• The pump only operates when the front wheel are turning.
• A tank in the end compartment supplies the rear steering pump
with fluid.

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 ELECTRO HYDRAULIC 4 WS

• In this design, a speed sensor and steering wheel angle sensor

feed information to the electronic control unit (ECU) by
processing the information received the ECU commands the
hydraulic system steer the rear wheels
• The ECU must know not only rod speed, but also how much
and quickly the steering wheel is turned.

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 ADVANTAGES

• Superior concerning stability

• Improved steering response and precision
• High speed straight line stability
• Improved rapid lane-changing maneuvers
• Smaller turning radius
• controlling

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 DISADVANTAGES

• Significantly increase in work load for front types

• Large amount of left\right weight transfer seen in 4ws vehicle
• Expensive in construction
• Complex mechanism
• Higher maintenance cost
• The system includes as many components (especially
electronically) there is always a chance to get any of the part
inactive, thus the system become in operative.

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 APPLICATIONS

• Parking
• Junctions
• Slippery surfaces
• Turning on narrow roads
• U-turn

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 REFERENCE

• www.scribd.com
• www.wikipedia.com

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 CONCLUSION

Thus the four-wheel steering system has got cornering

capability, steering response, straight-line stability, lane
changing and low-speed maneuverability. Even though it is
advantageous over the conventional two-wheel steering
system, 4WS is complex and expensive. Currently the cost of a
vehicle with four wheel steering is more than that for a
vehicle with the conventional two wheel steering. Four wheel
steering is growing in popularity and it is likely to come in
more and more new vehicles. As the systems become more
commonplace the cost of four wheel steering will drop.

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