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BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - V
RC CONCRETE :
❑ Reinforced Concrete is a concrete in which steel is embedded in
such a manner that the two materials act together in resisting
forces.
❑ The reinforcing steel rods, bars, or mesh absorbs the tensile,
shear, and sometimes the compressive stresses in a concrete
structure.
❑ It is a composite material in which concrete's relatively low
tensile strength and ductility are counteracted by the inclusion
of reinforcement having higher tensile strength or ductility
❑ Reinforced concrete (RC) is a versatile composite and one of
the most widely used materials in modern construction.
❑ Concrete is a relatively brittle material that is strong under
compression but less in tension.
❑ Plain, unreinforced concrete is unsuitable for
many structures as it is relatively poor at withstanding stresses
induced by vibrations, wind loading, and so on.
HISTORY :
❑ Joseph Monier was a French gardener of the nineteenth century, a
pioneer in the development of structure , prefabricated and
reinforced concrete.
❑ François Coignet was the first to use iron-reinforced concrete as a
technique for constructing building structures.
❑ In 1853, Coignet built the first iron reinforced concrete structure, a
four-story house at 72 rue Charles Michels in the suburbs of Paris.
❑ Most of the high rises building uses RCC techniques. In an RCC
framed structure, the load is transferred from a slab to the beams
then to the columns and further to lower columns and finally to the
foundation which in turn transfers it to the soil.
TECHNIQUES :
1. Masonry work 10. Finish on wall
2. Concrete work 11. Pace of construction
3. RCC frame work 12. Provision of reinforcement
4. Plastering for thermal stresses
13. Extension of existing
5. Concrete and terrazzo floor
building:
6. RCC Lintels 14. Rich cement treatment on
7. RCC roof slab external walls:
8. Provision of glazed, terrazzo or 15. Movement joints
marble tile on vertical surface 16. Filling in plinth
9. RCC work in exposed condition
MATERIALS USED :
RATIOS :
❑ The general expression for the proportions of cement, sand and
coarse aggregate is 1 : n : 2n by volume.
❑ 1 : 1 : 2 and 1 : 1.2 : 2.4 for very high strength.
❑ 1 : 1.5 : 3 and 1 : 2 : 4 for normal works.
❑ 1 : 3 : 6 and 1 : 4 : 8 for foundations and mass concrete works.
TYPES OF RCC
CONSTRUCTION :
1. Wall bearing construction
2. Reinforced cement concrete (RCC)
1. Wall bearing construction :
❑ In wall or load bearing construction, all load of roof and structure
is carried by walls down to its foundation.
❑ This type of construction may not use supporting column or
wood pillar.
❑ The size of walls needs to be bigger to carry all the loads.
❑ There is limitation to construct long walls at a stretch. This is
typically used in residential or 1–2 storied buildings
Reinforced cement concrete
(RCC) :
❑ Most of the high rises building uses RCC techniques. In an RCC
framed structure .
❑ Cement concrete is strong in compressive strength but weak in
tensile strength.To increase tensile strength we use mild steel bars
in cement concrete. Steel bars used in cement concrete provide
good strength to the structure.
❑ Usually steel bars are roughened or corrugated to further improve
the bond or cohesion between the concrete and steel.
❑ Care must be taken that there should be no joints in steel bars used
for RCC work. Curing of all concrete is done at least for 20 days.
Equipments :
❑ Concrete Batching Plant
❑ Concrete Mixer
❑ Concrete Pumps
❑ Shotcrete Machine
ADVANTAGES :
❑ Relatively cheap ,
❑ Portable and
❑ Very easy to use.
DISADVANTAGES :
❑ May not be strong as machine mixing.
❑ Cannot be adopted for large quantity .
❑ Since the mixing is done with the help of hands proper
supervision is also required.
❑ The work area gets untidy and cleaning work increases.
❑ Process consumes more time.
2.MACHINE MIXING :
❑ This is similar to hand mixing only the mixing is carried out in a
rotating drum.
❑ For this method all the ingredients of concrete including water are
collected in the revolving drum and then the drum is rotated for
certain period.
❑ First of all, the concrete mixer should be wetted inside of the drum.
❑ After that Cement, sand and coarse aggregate shall be placed in the
portable concrete mixer in required proportion.
❑ The dry materials shall be mixed in the mixing machine. After this,
correct quantity of water shall be added gradually while the machine
is in motion
❑ You must mix concrete for minimum two minutes after all materials
are in the drum.
❑ If there is segregation, after unloading from the mixer, the concrete
shall be remixed.
Types :
1.Batch mixing
2.Continuous mixing
❑ 1.Batch mixing :
batch by batch with a particular time interval.
❑ 2.Continuous mixing:
continuously mixed and discharged.
ADVANTAGES :
❑ The quality of concrete is good and fast.
❑ Cleaning is easily done.
❑ Since machine is potable concrete can be produced in various
location at site.
DISADVANTAGES :
❑ Requires maintenance, cleaning is difficult, blades need to be
checked for any damage.
❑ Requires power and is noisy.
❑ Skilled operator is required for operation.
A well-mixed concrete should fulfill the
following requirements: