IN THE

Humanoid robots are professional

service robots built to mimic
human motion and interaction.
Like all service robots, they provide
value by automating tasks in a way
that leads to cost-savings and
productivity.
 HISTORY
Around 3000 B.C, Egyptian water clocks used human figurines to
strike the hour bells.
In 400 B.C the inventor of the pulley and the screw, also invented
a wooden pigeon that could fly.
 In the first century A.D., Petronius Arbiter made a doll that
could move like a human being.
Giovanni Torriani created a wooden robot that could fetch the
Emperor's daily bread from the store in 1557.
The 19th century was also filled with new robotic creations, such
as a talking doll by Edison and a steam-powered robot by
Canadians.
The scientific progress made in the 20th century in the field of
robotics surpass previous advancements a thousand fold thereby
producing advanced AI Robots that we have right now.
 HISTORY

Egyptian water clock

doll Flying wooden pigeon

 Moving wooden robot

Talking doll
Steam-powered robot
 OPERATION
Artificial Intelligence or AI gives robots a
computer vision to navigate sense and
calculate their reaction accordingly.
Robots have a power source that needs to be
activated first before they function.
 *Some robots can do their tasks
without the need of human
intervention.
USAGES

A robot
might be
used to
perform
surgery.
 Scientists
send robots to
explore the
surfaces of
the moon or
planets.
used in highly
advanced
manufacturing
facilities or high
volume assembly
lines for a long
time
IMPORTANCE
 used in carrying out
perform the tasks repetitive & time-
faster than the consuming tasks
humans

ADVANTAGES designed to
work in
harsh
environme
do the jobs that nts
endure a hostile the people are
environment of unwilling to do
interplanetary space
 can perform repetitive
tasks for a long time but
cost much money they do not get better with
in maintenance & experience
repair

DISADVANTAGES

can take the place

can be destructive
of many humans
in many fields
 VIRTUAL&
AUGMENTED
REALITY
 Virtual Reality is a device used to
separate you from the real world
and experience the virtual world as
being real.
In Augmented Reality, the real
world is augmented by computer-
generated content.
 HISTORY
The history of Virtual and Augmented Reality
started a hundred and eighty years ago, when, in
1838, Charles Wheatstone invented the
stereoscope.
In 1961, Philco Corporation expanded on Heilig’s
design and created the Head sight, a motion-
tracking head-mounted display that could take
pictures.
Heilig invented the Sensorama which delivered
visuals, sounds, vibration and smell to the viewer.
 HISTORY
In 1965, Ivan Sutherland, a computer scientist,
envisioned a display that could let a person look
into a virtual world that would appear real to the
person using the device.
NASA, the US Department of Defense, and the
National Science Foundation all contributed
funds to the research and development of
Sutherland’s device.
The 1980’s gave the terms “virtual reality” and
“artificial reality”, and in the early 1990’s, virtual
reality was used to create arcade games that
introduced the concept to the public
 HISTORY
Charles Wheatstone invented
the stereoscope

Heilig’s sensorama

Ivan Sutherland’s device

Virtual and artficial reality

 OPERATION
VR Headset is mounted to your face.
Wherever you move your head, the screen
follows you. A console or computer is needed
for the headsets to work. Video is sent from the
console or the computer to the VR headset.
VR Headsets have a set of wireless
controllers that are used to make you feel like
you are controlling what is happening in your
VR simulation.
 USAGES

Virtual reality in construction is common in the design

phase, while augmented reality is common in the
construction phase.
Enable engineers to view their project in
3D and gain a greater understanding of
how it works
Allows the design team to observe their
project within a safe environment and
make changes as and where necessary
IMPORTANCE
 Eliminate costs
Expedite associated with
construction rework
projects

ADVANTAGES

Increase the quality

Minimize risk by of the project
identifying issues in
advance
careless use of
AR and VR vulnerable to
hacking and
software may
may pose a
increase the
risk to
risk of accidents customer data

DISADVANTAGES

Difficult to assign liability

for design mistakes in
collaborative projects
DRONES
DRONES
DRONES
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) or
commonly known as ‘Drone’ is a
flying aircraft that can be remotely
controlled or fly autonomously
through software controlled flight
plans in their embedded systems,
working in conjunction with
onboard sensors and GPS.
 HISTORY
Many cite that the origin of drone dates back
to 1849, when Austria attacked Venice using
unmanned balloons stuffed with explosives.
The first pilotless aircraft were developed
after World War I in 1916.
The U.S. Army built the Kettering Bug,
intended to be used as “aerial torpedoes”
using gyroscopic controls.
 HISTORY
 In 1930-1945, the UAV technological developments
continued, and in 1930, the U.S. Navy began
experimenting with the radio-controlled aircraft that
resulted in Curtiss N2C-2 Drone in 1937.
 In 1935, the British developed “Queen bee”, the radio-
controlled target, which is also believed to have led to the
use of term “drone”
 Following the Vietnam War other countries outside of
Britain and the United States began to explore unmanned
aerial technology.
 New models of drones became more sophisticated, with
improved endurance and the ability to maintain greater
height.
 HISTORY
Unmanned balloons stuffed
with explosive

“aerial torpedoes”
Radio-controlled aircraft

Queen-bee
 OPERATION
Drones are generally operated
with a remote controller or a
transmitter. This handy device
somewhat resembles gaming or toy
remote controllers with buttons
and joysticks that serve various
functions.
 USAGE

Survey drones generate high-resolution

orthomosaics and detailed 3D models of
areas.
 IMPORTANCE
Aerial images taken by drones greatly
accelerate and simplify topographic
surveys for land management and
planning. This holds true for site
scouting, allotment planning and
design, as well as final construction of
roads, buildings and utilities.
 can be used
for variety of
cost of purchasing tasks that
a drone isn’t as high help
promote a
as it used to be
safer
environment
ADVANTAGES

can take minimize the

allows for easy
high-quality obvious
operation by
aerial videos dangers and
users
and health risks
photographs
 vulnerable to
wild animal
risk of
attacks and
ground
can also pose
impact or
a threat to
injury
nature

DISADVANTAGES

can be manipulated to invade

the privacy of a specific target
group or individual
 TOTAL
STATION
 Total Station is an
electronic/optical instrument used
in surveying and building
construction that uses electronic
transit theodolite in conjunction
with electronic distance meter. It is
also integrated with
microprocessor, electronic data
collector and storage system.
 HISTORY
In olden days people used linear measuring
devises like chains to use to measure the linear
measurements and cross staffs to erect right
angles.
To eliminate this problem theodolites are
introduced to measure the angular
measurements.
Then electronic theodolites or total stations are
introduced. In electronic theodolite angles are
being measured using two scales which are
encoded to display the angular measurements in
digital display fixed to the instrument.
HISTORY

Chains and cross-staff

Transit
Electronic Theodolite/ Total Station
 OPERATION
Place the tripod approximately over the ground
point. Inspect the tripod from various sides and
correct its position so that the tripod plate is
roughly horizontal and above the ground point.

Push the tripod legs firmly into the ground and

use the central fixing screw to secure the
instrument on the tripod. Switch on the laser
plummet
 Turn the foot screws so that the laser dot
or the optical plummet is centered on the
ground point

Centre the bull’s-eye bubble by adjusting the lengths of

the tripod legs. Release the central fixing screw so that
you can displace it on the tripod plate until the laser dot
is centered precisely over the ground point.
Lastly, tighten the central fixing screw again
 USAGE
Total Station is used to measure sloping distance
of object to the instrument, horizontal angles and
vertical angles.
Total stations are mainly used by land surveyors
and civil engineers, either to record features as
in topographic surveying or to set out features
(such as roads, houses or boundaries).
 IMPORTANCE
The modern iteration of
electric theodolites brings
lightness, compactness and
greater accuracy to the survey
equipment – hence why it is
very essential in surveying.
 Programmed
Faster work, saves with on board
time, quick area
finishing off the computation
for computing
job.
the area of a
field
ADVANTAGES

Data can be saved

Accuracy of Manual errors
and transferred to
measurement is involved in
a PC
high reading and
recording are
eliminated
 surveyor cannot
costlier than other
able to observe at
conventional
the time of working
surveying
instruments

DISADVANTAGES

more skilled surveyors are

required to conduct a total
station survey
 CONCLUSION

These devices are

built/created towards one
goal: CONVENIENCE
 REFERENCES
• https://www.civilsimplified.com/resources/what-is-total-
station
• https://future.internetsociety.org/2017/?gclid=CjwKCAiA35
rxBRAWEiwADqB371seqk0leqNK9u-
jUdsVelVDX8jgmnDxf4gEMaR_DL-
CcWw1jCOc5hoCP98QAvD_BwE
• https://ghhllc.com/blog/civil-engineering-bid-278047-the-
total-station-land-surveys-a-background-story
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanoid_robot
• https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/humanoid_robot.htm
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/human
oid-robot
• https://www.lucarobotics.com/blog/first-humanoid-robot
• https://www.dji.com/camera-drones
• https://www.dronethusiast.com/history-of-
drones/
• https://www.dronethusiast.com/advantages
and disadvantages