Hardware Used for Input and Output

• Ports - Physical sockets that allow peripheral

devices to be connected
• Personal System - PS/2
• Video Graphics Adapter - VGA
• Universal Serial Bus - USB
• Input devices
• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Scanner
• Output devices
• Monitor
• Printer
Ports Location
Cable Assignment
What’s Inside
 System board
 Storage Devices
• Floppy drive
• Hard drive
• CD / DVD ROM drive
• RAM
 Power supply
 Circuit boards
• CMOS (most CPUs)
• TTL
 Peripheral / Power Cables
Hardware Inside the Computer Case
 Complimentary Metal Oxide
Semiconductor (CMOS) Chip

 Requires less power

 Holds data after electricity is
turned off
 Generates less heat
System Board

 Largest component of the computer

 Accommodates the CPU
 Better known as Motherboard
System Board
 Components used for Processing

 CPU or microprocessor
• Executes most computer processes
 Chipset
• Relieves CPU of some processing
• Provides queuing of activities to increase
overall performance
Major Components of System Boards

 Processing
• CPU
• Chipset that supports CPU by controlling
system board activities
 Temporary storage
• Random Access Memory - RAM
• Cache memory
Central Processing Unit
Central Processing Unit

Current Processors
Temporary / Primary Storage Devices

 Used by the CPU to process data

and instructions
 Provided by RAM - Random
Access Memory
• SIMM (single inline memory modules)
• DIMM (dual inline memory modules)
 Cache memory
SIMM and DIMM
Cache Memory
 Cache Memory

 New CPUs
• Stored inside CPU housing on a memory chip
that sits close to the CPU microchip

 Older CPUs
• Stored on the system board either in individual
chips or on memory modules called COAST
(cache on a stick)
Permanent (Secondary) Storage
Devices

 Remote to the system

 Permanently holds data
 Common devices
• Hard disk
• Floppy disk
• Flash drive
• CD / DVD ROM drive
System Board Components Used in
Communicating Among Devices

 Bus
 System clock
 Expansion slots
• Industry Standard Architecture (ISA):
Used by older and / or slower devices
• Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI):
Used for high-speed input / output devices
• Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP): Used
for video
• PCI Express (PCIe) – Provides a higher
bandwidth for peripherals
System Clock
Expansion Slots
Expansion Slots
 Interface (Expansion) Cards

 Circuit boards inserted into a slot on the system

board to enhance capability of the computer
 Common types
• Video card
• Network Interface Card - NIC
• Internal modem
• Multi-media card
• Firewire
Peripherals
Video Card
Peripherals
Audio Card
Peripherals
Internal Modem
 Power System

 Power supply
• Supplies power
to the system
board and other
installed devices
• Provides 3.3, 5,
and 12 volts DC
Electrical System
Electrical System
Instructions and Data Stored on System
Board

 ROM chips
• Contain permanent programming code
• Sometimes called BIOS chips
 CMOS configuration chips
• Hold configuration or setup information
 Jumpers or DIP switches
• Hold configuration information
ROM BIOS
CMOS Setup Chip
Jumpers