An adjective is a word or set of words

that modifies (i.e., describes) a noun or

pronoun. Adjectives may come before the
word they modify.

Examples:
That is a cute puppy.
She likes a high school senior.
Adjectives may also follow the word they
modify:
Examples:
That puppy looks cute.
The technology is state-of-the-art.
Examples of forming adjectives

• Our house color is a kind of yellow. → We live in a yellowish house.

• He often acts like a child. → He often acts in a childish way.
• The event was a big success. → We enjoyed a successful event.
• We enjoyed the sound of the drum’s rhythm. → We enjoyed the
drum’s rhythmic sound.
• She adopted a dog without a home. → She adopted a homeless dog.
• Look out, that plant is poison. → Look out for that poisonous plant.
• It looks like it will rain today. → It looks like we’ll have rainy weather
today.
• She always acts with courtesy. → She always behaves in a courteous
manner.
• Her hair is pretty. → She has the prettiest hair.
• We go for a walk each day. → We go for a daily walk.
Adjectives can be formed from
different words
Adjectives formed from nouns:

 Accident - accidental
 Danger - dangerous
 Length - long
 Star - starry
 Wind - windy
From verbs:

 Enjoy - enjoyable
 Help - helpful
 Obey - obedient
 Play - playful
 Talk - talkative
Or even from other adjectives:
 Comic - comical
 Correct - corrective
 Elder - elderly
 Red - reddish
 Sick - sickly
Comparative dan Superlative Adjective
Adapula suffix yang ditambahkan pada adjective yang
sudah ada (biasanya terdiri dari satu suku kata atau
dua suku kata berakhiran -y), yaitu: -er dan -est untuk
membentuk comparative dan superlative adjective
Contoh adjective:
 big – bigger – biggest
 fast – faster – fastest
 hot – hotter – hottest
 easy – easier – easiest
 happy – happier – happiest
 simple – simpler – simplest
Typical adjective endings

Some adjectives can be identified by their endings.

Typical adjective endings include:
-able/-ible understandable, capable, readable,
incredible
-al mathematical, functional, influential, chemical
-ful beautiful, bashful, helpful, harmful
-ic artistic, manic, rustic, terrific
-ive submissive, intuitive, inventive, attractive
-less sleeveless, hopeless, groundless, restless
-ous gorgeous, dangerous, adventurous, fabulous.
Sometimes when adding these endings changes have to be
made. Here are some rules for forming adjectives and their
exceptions:
Add Exceptions Word Adjective

Nature Natural
-al If ending with an ‘e‘, drop it
Function Functional

Ice Icy
-y If ending with an ‘e‘, drop it
Oil Oily

If ending with a ‘y‘, replace with Beauty Beautiful

-ful
an ‘i‘ Peace Peaceful

Mystery Mysterious
-ous/-ious If ending with a ‘y‘, drop it
Danger Dangerous

History Historic
-ic If ending with a ‘y‘, drop it
Rust Rustic
ous Add -ous as a suffix -Glamour - Glamourous
-If ending in -y, remove it -Fame - Famous
-If ending has an ‘e’, remove it -Mystery - Mysterious
-Sometimes, words ending with -cle are -Miracle - Miraculous
replaced by -cul

ive Add -ive as a suffix Description - Descriptive

-If ending in -ion, remove it -Impulse - Impulsive
-If ending in -e, remove

less Add -less as a suffix -Child - Childless

-Brain - Brainless
-Shame - Shameless
Forming adjectives exercises
1. Choose the adjective from each of the following groups of words:
1.inventive, invent, invented
2.curiosity, curious, curiousive
3.proliferate, prolific, proud
2. Form adjectives from the following nouns:
1.smell
2.chill
3.width
3. Form adjectives from the following verbs:
1.interested
2.amazed
3.annoyed
4. Form adjectives from the following verbs. Some words may be formed into more than
one adjective:
1.escape
2.improve
3.Damage
5. Form longer adjectives from the following adjectives. Some words may be formed into
more than one adjective:
1.funny
2.incorrect
3.blue
6. Form adjectives from the following nouns:
1.magic
2.fool
3.lady
7. Form two adjectives from each of the following nouns:
1.life
2.power
3.friend
8. Form adjectives from each of the following nouns:
1.cost
2.war
3.month
9. Form adjectives from each of the following nouns:
1.poison
2.courtesy
3.mystery
10. Form adjectives from each of the following nouns:
1.athlete
2.photograph
3.science
 An adverb is a word or set of words that
modifies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.
Adverbs answer how, when, where, why, or to
what extent—how often or how
much (e.g., daily, completely).

Examples:
He speaks slowly (tells how)
He speaks very slowly (the
adverb very tells how slowly)
She arrived today (tells when)
She will arrive in an hour (this adverb
phrase tells when)
Let's go outside (tells where)
We looked in the basement (this adverb
phrase tells where)
Bernie left to avoid trouble (this adverb
phrase tells why)
Jorge works out strenuously (tells to what
extent)
Jorge works out whenever possible (this
adverb phrase tells to what extent)
Rule 1. Many adverbs end in -ly, but many
do not. Generally, if a word can have -
ly added to its adjective form, place it there
to form an adverb.
Examples:
She thinks quick/quickly.
How does she think? Quickly.

She is a quick/quickly thinker.

Quick is an adjective describing thinker, so
no -ly is attached.

She thinks fast/fastly.

Fast answers the question how, so it is an
adverb. But fast never has -ly attached to it.

We performed bad/badly.
Badly describes how we performed, so -ly is
added.
Rule 2. Adverbs that answer the question how sometimes cause
grammatical problems. It can be a challenge to determine if -ly should
be attached. Avoid the trap of -ly with linking verbs such as taste, smell,
look, feel, which pertain to the senses. Adverbs are often misplaced in
such sentences, which require adjectives instead.
Examples:
Roses smell sweet/sweetly.
Do the roses actively smell with noses? No; in this case, smell is a linking
verb—which requires an adjective to modify roses—so no -ly.

The woman looked angry/angrily to us.

Did the woman look with her eyes, or are we describing her appearance?
We are describing her appearance (she appeared angry), so no -ly.

The woman looked angry/angrily at the paint splotches.

Here the woman actively looked (used her eyes), so the -ly is added.

She feels bad/badly about the news.

She is not feeling with fingers, so no -ly.