MK.

LANDUSE PLANNING & LAND MANAGEMENT

PARADIGMA
PENGELOLAAN
LAHAN

Smno.pdip.pdkl.psdl.2013
 Pengelolaan Lahan =
Land management

Land management adalah proses mengelola

penggunaan dan pengembangan (di lingkungan
urban dan rural) sumberdaya lahan dengan cara
yang lestari.

Sumberdaya lahan digunakan untuk beragam

tujuan yang saling berinteraksi dan mungkin saling
bersaing satu sama lain; oleh karena itu, perlu
merencanakan dan mengelola semua penggunaan
dengan cara terintegrasi.
 KARAKTERISTIK LAHAN
Land, in an economic sense, is defined as the
entire material universe outside of people
themselves and the products of people.

It includes all natural resources, materials,

airwaves, as well as the ground.

All air, soil, minerals and water is included in the

definition of land.
Everything that is freely supplied by nature, and
not made by man, is categorized as land.
 LAHAN : Land
is the entire non-reproducible, physical universe,
including all natural resources.
A land site includes everything within the earth, under its
boundaries and over it, extending infinitely into space.
In addition to a location for a house or building, a land
site would include the minerals, water, trees, view,
sunshine and air space.
The shape of the site can be described as an inverted
cone with its apex at the center of the earth and
extending upward through the surface into space.
 Pengelolaan Lahan Lestari
Sustainable land management means managing land without damaging
ecological processes or reducing biological diversity. It requires the
maintenance of the following key components of the environment:

Biodiversity: the variety of species, populations, habitats and

ecosystems;
Ecological integrity: the general health and resilience of natural life-
support systems, including their ability to assimilate wastes and
withstand stresses such as climate change and ozone depletion; and

Natural capital: the stock of productive soil, fresh water, forests,

clean air, ocean, and other renewable resources that underpin the
survival, health and prosperity of human communities.

Land is often managed for multiple benefits, such as agricultural

production, biodiversity conservation, water quality, soil health and
supporting human life. To ensure long-term sustainability, land managers
need to consider economic, social and environmental factors.
 Selecting Indicators to Evaluate Soil Quality
The Relationships among Sustainable Development, Sustainable Land ...
Sumber: agnet.org
 Centre for SDI & LA :: The University of Melbourne
The land management vision below shows how land administration processes ...
Sumber: csdila.unimelb.edu.au
 The Regional Institute - Publications
... options for sustainable land use and land management decision making.
Sumber: regional.org.au
 The Regional Institute - Publications
... options for sustainable land use and land management decision making.
Sumber: regional.org.au
 LAND RENT
Land rent is the price paid annually for the exclusive
right (a monopoly) to use a certain location, piece of
land or other natural resource.
People receive wages for work, capital receives
interest for investment, and land receives rent for
the exclusive use of a location.
Equity and efficiency require that the local general
public, who created land value, should be paid for
the exclusive use of a land site.
That Payment is in the form of a land tax.
 LAND RENT COMPARED WITH MARKET VALUE

Land Market Value is the land rental value, minus land

taxes, divided by a capitalization rate.

Each of these terms is defined as follows:

1. Land Rental Value is the annual fee individuals are willing to pay for
the exclusive right to use a land site for a period of time. This may
include a speculative opportunity cost.
2. Land Taxes is the portion of the land rental value that is claimed for
the community.
3. Capitalization Rate is a market determined rate of return that would
attract individuals to invest in the use of land, considering all of the
risks and benefits which could be realized.
4. Land Market Value is the land rental value, minus land taxes,
divided by a capitalization rate.
 The mathematical relationship is then:

Land Market Value =

Land Rental Value - Land Taxes

Capitalization Rate

Land Rental Value =

Market Value x Capitalization Rate + Land Taxes
 Sustainable Land Use and Urban Growth Management: Demand-Supply ...
Sustainable Land Use and Urban Growth Management: Demand-Supply Factors and ...
Sumber: scientificjournals.org
 The Message

• The Land Management paradigm is complex and highly

interdisciplinary.

• Land and property must be viewed as an asset and a

scarce natural resource. Proper management of land and
properties is vital to achieving sustainable development.

• There is a need for institutional development to establish

sustainable national concepts in this area. This includes
the adoption of a holistic approach to land management.

• This calls for increased international co-operation.

 Interests in land
You do not own land itself, but the right to use the land in
conformity with community laws, practices and expectations

Rights

Responsibilities Restrictions
 Paradigma Pengelolaan Lahan

• The organizational structures for land management differ widely

between countries. Within this country context, the land
management activities can be described by three components in
support of sustainable development.
• Land policies are part of the national policies on promoting
objectives such as economic development, social justice, equity
and political stability. Relates to security of tenure, efficient land
markets, real property taxation, land use control, environmental
management etc.
• The operational component of the land management paradigm is
the range of land administration functions that ensure proper
management of rights, restrictions and responsibilities.
• The land administration functions are based on and facilitated by
land information infrastructures that provide complete and up-to-
date information about the built and natural environment.
 The Land Management Paradigm

Land Management is the processes by which the resources of land are put into
good effect.
 Sistem Properti: Tenure, Value dan Use

Legal profession
Ministry for Justice
(Land Tenure)

(Land Values) (Land Use)

Ministry for Finance Ministry for Planning,

Development and
Banks and Financial Environment
Institutions
Ministry for
Agriculture and
Forestry
Source: Land Administration (Peter Dale and John McLaughlin)
 Cadastral Systems – the basic building block

Cadastral Systems is about identification of land parcels for the purpose of

securing land rights, assessing land values/taxation, and controlling the use of land.
Sistem Cadastral
 Sistem Cadastral

• The identification of land parcels in the cadastral system

provides the basic infrastructure for running the interrelated
systems within the areas of Land Tenure, Land Value, and
Land-Use.
• Even though cadastral systems around the world are clearly
different in terms of structure, processes, and actors, they are
increasingly merging into a unified global model.
• This is due to some global drivers: globalisation and
technological development. These trends supports
establishment of multi-functional information systems with
regard to land rights and land-use regulations.
• A third global driver is sustainable development with its
demand for comprehensive information on the environmental
conditions in combination with other land and property related
data.
 Land Registration Systems around the World

Deeds System (French): A register of owners; the transaction is recorded – not the title.
Title System (German, English, Torrens): A register of properties; the title is recorded and guarantied.
 Land Administration Systems

Land Administration Systems are concerned with the four land administration
functions of land tenure, land value, land-use and land development.
SISTEM ADMINISTRASI LAHAN
 SISTEM ADMINISTRASI LAHAN

Land Tenure:

1. Alokasi dan keamanan hak atas lahan;

2. the legal surveys to determine the parcel
boundaries;
3. the transfer of property or use from one
party to another through sale or lease; and
4. the management and adjudication of
doubts and disputes regarding rights and
parcel boundaries.
 SISTEM ADMINISTRASI LAHAN

Land administration is the way in which the rules of land tenure are
applied and made operational. Land administration, whether formal
or informal, comprises an extensive range of systems and processes
to administer:

1. land rights: the allocation of rights in land; the delimitation of

boundaries of parcels for which the rights are allocated; the
transfer from one party to another through sale, lease, loan,
gift or inheritance; and the adjudication of doubts and
disputes regarding rights and parcel boundaries.

2. land-use regulation: land-use planning and enforcement and

the adjudication of land use conflicts.

3. land valuation and taxation: the gathering of revenues through

forms of land valuation and taxation, and the adjudication of
land valuation and taxation disputes.
 Land administration is implemented through sets of
procedures to manage information on rights and their
protection, such as:

1. Procedures for land rights include defining how rights

can be transferred from one party to another through
sale, lease, loan, gift and inheritance.
2. Procedures for land use regulation include defining the
way in which land use controls are to be planned and
enforced.
3. Procedures for land valuation and taxation include
defining methodologies for valuing and taxing land.
 Land administration requires actors to implement the
procedures.
In customary tenure regimes, the customary leaders may
play the principal role in land administration, for example
in allocating rights and resolving disputes.
In a more formal setting, land administration agencies
may include land registries, land surveying, urban and
rural planning, and land valuation and taxation, as well as
the court systems.
Where customary tenure has been recognised by the
State, functional linkages are being developed between
government and customary land administration bodies.
 PENGUASAAN LAHAN =
LAND TENURE
Land tenure is the name given, particularly in
common law systems, to the legal regime in which
land is owned by an individual, who is said to
"hold" the land (the French verb "tenir" means "to
hold"; "tenant" is the present participle of "tenir").

A landholder or landowner is a holder of the estate

in land with considerable rights of ownership or,
simply put, an owner of land.
 Land tenure
Land tenure is the relationship, whether legally or
customarily defined, among people, as individuals or
groups, with respect to land. (For convenience, “land” is
used here to include other natural resources such as water
and trees.)
Land tenure is an institution, i.e., rules invented by
societies to regulate behaviour.
Rules of tenure define how property rights to land are to be
allocated within societies.
They define how access is granted to rights to use, control,
and transfer land, as well as associated responsibilities and
restraints.
In simple terms, land tenure systems determine who can
use what resources for how long, and under what
conditions.
 Land tenure
Land tenure is an important part of social, political and
economic structures. It is multi-dimensional, bringing into
play social, technical, economic, institutional, legal and
political aspects that are often ignored but must be taken
into account.
Land tenure relationships may be well-defined and
enforceable in a formal court of law or through customary
structures in a community.

Alternatively, they may be relatively poorly defined with

ambiguities open to exploitation.
 Land tenure thus constitutes a web of intersecting interests.
These include:

1. Overriding interests: when a sovereign power (e.g., a nation or

community has the powers to allocate or reallocate land
through expropriation, etc.)
2. Overlapping interests: when several parties are allocated
different rights to the same parcel of land (e.g., one party may
have lease rights, another may have a right of way, etc.)
3. Complementary interests: when different parties share the
same interest in the same parcel of land (e.g., when members
of a community share common rights to grazing land, etc.)
4. Competing interests: when different parties contest the same
interests in the same parcel (e.g., when two parties
independently claim rights to exclusive use of a parcel of
agricultural land. Land disputes arise from competing claims.)
 Land tenure is often categorised as:
Private: the assignment of rights to a private party
who may be an individual, a married couple, a
group of people, or a corporate body such as a
commercial entity or non-profit organization.

For example, within a community, individual

families may have exclusive rights to residential
parcels, agricultural parcels and certain trees.
Other members of the community can be excluded
from using these resources without the consent of
those who hold the rights.
 Land tenure is often categorised as:

Communal: a right of commons may exist

within a community where each member has
a right to use independently the holdings of
the community.
For example, members of a community may
have the right to graze cattle on a common
pasture.
 Land tenure is often categorised as:
Open access: specific rights are not assigned to
anyone and no-one can be excluded. This typically
includes marine tenure where access to the high
seas is generally open to anyone; it may include
rangelands, forests, etc, where there may be free
access to the resources for all.

(An important difference between open access and

communal systems is that under a communal
system non-members of the community are
excluded from using the common areas.)
 Land tenure is often categorised as:
State: property rights are assigned to some
authority in the public sector.

For example, in some countries, forest lands

may fall under the mandate of the state,
whether at a central or decentralised level of
government.
 EXAMPLES OF RIGHTS
1. A right to use the land.
2. A right to exclude unauthorized people from using the land.
3. A right to control how land will be used.
4. A right to derive income from the land.
5. A right to protection from illegal expropriation of the land.
6. A right to transmit the rights to the land to one’s successors, (i.e., a right
held by descendents to inherit the land).
7. A right to alienate all rights to the entire holding (e.g., through sale), or to a
portion of the holding (e.g., by subdividing it).
8. A right to alienate only a portion of the rights, e.g., through a lease.
9. A residuary right to the land, i.e., when partially alienated rights lapse (such
as when a lease expires), those rights revert to the person who alienated
them.
10. A right to enjoy the property rights for an indeterminate length of time, i.e.,
rights might not terminate at a specific date but can last in perpetuity.
11. A duty not to use the land in a way that is harmful to other members of
society, (i.e., the right is held by those who do not hold the right to use the
land).
12. A duty to surrender the rights to the land when they are taken away through
a lawful action, (e.g., in a case of insolvency where the right is held by the
creditors, or in the case of default on tax payments where the right is held by
the state).
 At times it may be useful to simplify the representation of
property rights by identifying:

1. use rights: rights to use the land for grazing, growing

subsistence crops, gathering minor forestry products,
etc.
2. control rights: rights to make decisions how the land
should be used including deciding what crops should be
planted, and to benefit financially from the sale of crops,
etc.
3. transfer rights: right to sell or mortgage the land, to
convey the land to others through intra-community
reallocations, to transmit the land to heirs through
inheritance, and to reallocate use and control rights.
 Modes of ownership and tenure

There are a great variety of modes of land ownership and

tenure:

Traditional land tenure.

For example, most of the indigenous nations or tribes of
North America had no formal notion of land ownership.
When Europeans first came to North America, they
sometimes simply disregarded traditional land tenure and
simply seized land; more often, they accommodated
traditional land tenure by recognizing it as aboriginal title.

This theory formed the basis for (often unequal and often
abused) treaties with indigenous peoples.
 Modes of ownership and tenure

Allodial title
a system in which real property is owned absolutely free
and clear of any superior landlord or sovereign.
True allodial title is rare, with most property ownership in
the common law world (Australia, Canada, Ireland, New
Zealand, United Kingdom, United States) being in fee
simple.
Allodial title is alienable, in that it may be conveyed,
devised, gifted, or mortgaged by the owner, and may also
be distressed and restrained for collection of taxes or
private debts, or condemned (eminent domain) by the
government.
 Mode Kepemilikan & Penguasaan

Kepemilikan Lahan Feodal

a system of mutual obligations under which a royal
or noble personage granted a fiefdom — some
degree of interest in the use or revenues of a given
parcel of land — in exchange for a claim on services
such as military service or simply maintenance of
the land in which the lord continued to have an
interest.
This pattern obtained from the level of high nobility
as vassals of a monarch down to lesser nobility
whose only vassals were their serfs.
 Modes of ownership and tenure
Fee simple.

Under common law, this is the most complete ownership

interest one can have in real property, other than the rare
Allodial title.
The holder can typically freely sell or otherwise transfer
that interest or use it to secure a mortgage loan.

This picture of "complete ownership" is, of course,

complicated by the obligation in most places to pay a
property tax and by the fact that if the land is mortgaged,
there will be a claim on it in the form of a lien.
In modern societies, this is the most common form of land
ownership.
 Modes of ownership and tenure
Native title.
In Australia, native title is a common law concept
that recognizes that some indigenous people have
certain land rights that derive from their traditional
laws and customs.

Native title can co-exist with non-indigenous

proprietary rights and in some cases different
indigenous groups can exercise their native title
over the same land.
 Mode Kepemilikan & Penguasaan

Life estate.

Under common law, this is an interest in real

property that ends at death.
The holder has the use of the land for life, but
typically no ability to transfer that interest or to
use it to secure a mortgage loan.
 Mode Kepemilikan dan Penguasaan

Kontrak atau Sewa = Leasehold or

rental.
Under both common law and civil law, land may
be leased or rented by its owner to another
party;
a wide range of arrangements are possible,
ranging from very short terms to the 99-year
leases common in the United Kingdom, and
allowing various degrees of freedom in the use
of the property.
 Model Kepemilikan dan Penguasaan

Easements
which allow one to make certain specific uses of
land that is owned by someone else.
The most classic easement is right-of-way, but it
could also include (for example) the right to run
an electrical power line across someone else's
land.
 Model Kepemilikan dan Penguasaan

COMMON RIGHT
Rights to use a commons, which may
include such rights as the use of a road or
the right to graze one's animals on
commonly owned land.
 Land Administration Systems …

NILAI LAHAN = Land Value:

1. the assessment of the value of land

and properties;

2. the gathering of revenues through

taxation; and
3. the management and adjudication of
land valuation and taxation disputes.
UTILITY, SCARCITY AND DESIRABILITY

Land value can be thought of as the

relationship between a desired location
and a potential user.
The ingredients that constitute land value
are utility, scarcity and desirability.
These factors must all be present for land
to have value.
 LAND VALUE
Land that lacks utility and scarcity also lacks value, since
utility arouses desire for use and has the power to give
satisfaction.
The air we breathe has utility and is generally considered
important, since it sustains and nourishes life. However,
in the economic sense, air is not valuable because it
hasn't been appropriated and there is enough for
everyone.
Thus there is no scarcity -- at least at the moment. This
may not be true in the future, however, as knowledge of
air pollution and its effect on human health make people
aware that clean and breathable air may become scarce
and subsequently valuable.
 FAKTOR yang mempengaruhi nilai lahan

1. The physical attributes of land include quality of location,

fertility and climate; convenience to shopping, schools and
parks; availability of water, sewers, utilities and public
transportation; absence of bad smells, smoke and noise; and
patterns of land use, frontage, depth, topography, streets and
lot sizes.
2. The legal or governmental forces include the type and amount
of taxation, zoning and building laws, planning and
restrictions.
3. The social factors include population growth or decline,
changes in family sizes, typical ages, attitudes toward law and
order, prestige and education levels.
4. The economic forces include value and income levels, growth
and new construction, vacancy and availability of land. It is the
influences of these forces, expressed independently and in
relationship to one another, that help the people and the
assessor measure value.
 Nilai Pajak Lahan =
Land value tax

Land value taxation (LVT) (or site value taxation) is an ad

valorem tax on the value of land. This ignores buildings,
improvements, and personal property.

Because of this, LVT is different from other property taxes

on real estate — the combination of land, buildings, and
improvements to land.
Every jurisdiction that has a real estate property tax has an
element of land value tax, because land value contributes to
overall property value.
 Estimasi Nilai Lahan
The Nature of Land and Natural Resources
Characteristics of Land
Land Rent Compared with Market Value

Prinsip-prinsip Land Assessment :

Utility, Scarcity and Desirability
Limitations on Land Ownership and Use
Factors that Contribute to Land Value
Highest and Best Use of Land
Procedures for Land Assessment :
Defining the Assignment
Determining the Data Required and Its Source
Collecting and Recording the Data
Verifying the Data
Analyzing and Interpreting the Data
Estimating the Market Values
Public Examination & Analysis Land Market Values
Periodic Updating of Assessments
 Metode untuk Taksiran Nilai Lahan

Three Approaches to Valuing Real Estate

Specific Methods Used in Appraising Land Value
Sales Comparison:
Per Dwelling Unit Site
Per Square-Foot
Per Acre
Per Front-Foot

Proportional Relationship
Developmental Analysis
Allocation
Extraction
Ground Rent Capitalization
Subdivision Development
Land Value Maps
Computer Estimated Land Values
 Estimating the Market Values

Once the analysis has been concluded, it will be possible

for the assessor to make a rational estimate of the market
value of every land site. This estimate will serve as the
basis for the value that will be paid by a site user for the
exclusive use of a location (site).

The assessor would assign preliminary land value

estimates based upon the comparative estimated
usefulness and desirability of the sites. Initially, they
could accomplish this task in a general manner, with the
understanding that refinements would be made to reflect
new information and public opinion.
 Specific Methods Used in Appraising Land
Value
Procedures can be used to obtain land value indications.

Sales comparison -- Sales of similar, vacant parcels are

analyzed, compared, and adjusted to provide a value
indication for the land being appraised.

Proportional Relationship -- Relating a site to a known

standard site. The difference can be expressed as a
percentage. This procedure can be used when their is
little value evidence in existence.
 Specific Methods Used in Appraising Land
Value
Land Residual Technique -- It is assumed that the land is
improved to its highest and best use. All operating
expenses and the return attributable to other agents of
production are deducted, and the net income imputed
to the land is capitalized to derive an estimate of land
value.

Allocation -- Sales of improved properties are analyzed,

and the prices paid are allocated between the land and
the improvements.

Extraction -- Land value is estimated by subtracting the

estimated value of the depreciated improvements from
the known sale price of the property.
 Metode Taksiran Nilai Lahan
Ground Rent Capitalization -- This procedure is used when
land rental and capitalization rates are readily available,
as in well-developed areas. Net ground rent -- the net
amount paid for the right to use and occupy the land -- is
estimated and divided by a land capitalization rate.

Subdivision Development -- The total value of undeveloped

land is estimated as if the land were subdivided,
developed, and sold. Development costs, incentive
costs, and carrying charges are subtracted from the
estimated proceeds of sale, and the net income
projection is discounted over the estimated period
required for market absorption of the developed sites.
 ANALISIS NILAI LAHAN

Land Value Analysis (LVA) was created by professional real

estate operators in order to quickly conduct a land
development feasibility study on any land parcel suitable
for development.
Land Value Analysis (LVA) was designed for use by land
developers and builders who know the land development
business but may have only limited computer skills.
LVA is totally automatic and easy to operate...no training is
required. A novice PC operator can answer simple
questions by filling the blanks and the Land Development
Software will come up with a preliminary 'bottom line' in
short order including Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Net
Present Value (NPV) for all participants.
 Land Value Analysis (LVA)
Land Value Analysis (LVA) was designed for use by land
developers and builders who know the land development
business but may have only limited computer skills.
LVA is totally automatic and easy to operate...no training is
required.
A novice PC operator can answer simple questions by
filling the blanks and the Land Development Software will
come up with a preliminary 'bottom line' in short order
including Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Net Present
Value (NPV) for all participants.
 SISTEM ADMINISTRASI LAHAN

Land-Use:
1.the control of land-use through adoption of
planning policies and land-use regulations
at national, regional/federal, and local levels;
2.the enforcement of land-use regulations;
3.the management and adjudication of land-
use conflicts.
 LANDUSE
Land use is the human use of land. Land
use involves the management and
modification of natural environment or
wilderness into built environment such as
fields, pastures, and settlements.
It has also been defined as "the
arrangements, activities and inputs people
undertake in a certain land cover type to
produce, change or maintain it" (FAO,
1997a; FAO/UNEP, 1999).
 Guna Lahan dan Lingkungan
Land use and land management practices have a major
impact on natural resources including water, soil, nutrients,
plants and animals.
Land use information can be used to develop solutions for
natural resource management issues such as salinity and
water quality. For instance, water bodies in a region that has
been deforested or having erosion will have different water
quality than those in areas that are forested.

More recent significant effects of land use include urban

sprawl, soil erosion, soil degradation, salinization, and
desertification.
Land-use change, together with use of fossil fuels, are the
major anthropogenic sources of carbon dioxide, a dominant
greenhouse gas.
 Tutupan Lahan = Land cover
Land cover is the physical material at the surface of the
earth. Land covers include grass, asphalt, trees, bare
ground, water, etc. There are two primary methods for
capturing information on land cover: field survey and
analysis of remotely sensed imagery.

Land cover is distinct from land use despite the two terms
often being used interchangeably.
Land use is a description of how people utilize the land
and socio-economic activity - urban and agricultural land
uses are two of the most commonly known land use
classes. At any one point or place, there may be multiple
and alternate land uses, the specification of which may
have a political dimension.
 Perencanaan Lahan
Land use planning is the term used for a branch of public
policy which encompasses various disciplines which seek
to order and regulate the use of land in an efficient and
ethical way, thus preventing land use conflicts.

The Canadian Institute of Planners offers a definition that:

"[Land use] planning means the scientific, aesthetic, and

orderly disposition of land, resources, facilities and
services with a view to securing the physical, economic
and social efficiency, health and well-being of urban and
rural communities“
 Perencanaan landuse meliputi disiplin berikut ini:

1. Architecture
2. Environmental planning
3. Geography
4. Landscape architecture
5. Regional Planning
6. Spatial planning
7. Sustainable Development
8. Transportation Planning
9. Urban design
10. Urban planning
11. Urban Renaissance
12. Urban renewal
 Architecture, urban design, urban planning,
landscape architecture and urban renewal usually
address the selection of physical layout, scale of
development, aesthetics, costs of alternatives
and selection of building materials and impact
upon landscape and species.

Environmental planning, will often address the

implications of development and plans upon the
environment, for example Strategic Environmental
Assessment.
At the very local level environmental planning may imply
the use of tools to forecast impacts of development
decisions, including roadway noise, and pollution, surface
runoff and flooding assessments.
 SISTEM ADMINISTRASI LAHAN

Land Development:

1. the building of new infrastructure;

2. the implementation of construction
planning;
3. the change of land-use through
planning permission and granting of
permits.
 Pengembangan Lahan
Land development refers to altering the landscape
in any number of ways such as:

1. changing landforms from a natural or semi-

natural state for a purpose such as agriculture or
housing
2. subdividing real estate into lots, typically for the
purpose of building homes
3. developing property or changing its purpose, for
example by converting an unused factory
complex into condominiums
 Land Development
Sumber: panywelldrillingservices.com
 Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City JV with Farglory Land Development ...
... Ltd (SSTEC) and Farglory Land Development Group Shanghai which is backed ...
Sumber: businesstianjin.com
 Building Cincinnati: Vision Land puts Millworks plans on website
Vision Land Development has posted site plans and 3D massing models for the ...
Sumber: building-cincinnati.com
 Pendekatan Konseptual

 Overall Land Policy

- Determine values, objectives and the legal
framework in relation to management of land as
a legal, economic, and physical object.
- Basis for building sound land administration
infrastructures.
 Cadastral Systems
- Identification of land parcels and securing land
rights
- Facilitation of land registration, land valuation,
and land-use control
- Underpinning sound Land Administration
 Pendekatan Konseptual

 Land Administration Systems

- Administration of land tenure, land value, land-
use, and land development
- Facilitation of efficient land markets and
effective land-use management
- Underpinning sound Land Management

 Land Management
1. Management of processes by which land resources
are put into good effect.
2. Facilitation of economic, social, environmental
sustainability
3. Underpinning and implementation of sound Land
Policies