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Wait…. What?????
• What’s a “mosaic”?
• Remember the FLUID
MOSAIC MODEL????
– The Plasma Membrane
– P.S. What is a Plasma Membrane?
• An individual (organism, artwork, organelle)
made up of smaller, different ”pieces”…
• So, in a way, WE ARE MOSAICS, too!
Calico Cats
• Calico Cats can ONLY BE Female!
Why????
• Because a cat’s fur color is linked to two different
alleles on the “X” chromosome
• And…For a cat to have more than two colors…
• It must have TWO X CHROMOSOMES!
Sex-Linked Inheritance
• Sex-Linked Inheritance means that a
gene (or multiple genes) are carried on
one of the sex chromosomes
Sex-Linked Inheritance
Phenotypes:
What are some X-linked disorders?
• ALD
• Hypertrichosis
• Duchenne muscular dystrophy
• Hunter Syndrome
• Menkes disease(kinky hair syndrome)
• Hemophilia
• Color blindness
• Inherited diabetes (Type 1)
ALD (Adrenoleukodystrophy)
• A deadly genetic disease that is a result
of fatty acid buildup caused by the enzymes
not functioning properly
• Causes damage to the nerves, resulting in
neurological issues and, later, death
Hypertrichosis
• An abnormal amount of hair growth over the
body
– Informally called werewolf syndrome, because the
appearance is similar to the mythical werewolf
Hypertrichosis
Are you colorblind?
Color Blindness
• Having a decreased ability to see some
colors or differences in colors
• Red-Green is most common
Think how difficult some things
would be if you have colorblindness
What about this….
Imagine life without
being able to see
true colors!
Menke’s Disease
(Kinky Hair Syndrome)
• Rapid deterioration of the nervous system.
• Weak muscle tone, sagging facial features,
seizures, developmental delay, and
intellectual disability caused by enzymes not
functioning
• Children with Menkes syndrome typically
begin to develop symptoms during infancy
and often do not live past age 6
Menke’s Disease
Hemophilia
• The “Royal Blood Disease” impairs the body's
ability to make blood clots
– Clots are needed to stop bleeding
• This results in people bleeding longer after an
injury and an increased risk of bleeding inside
joints or the brain
Hemophilia
• Remember the Royal Family?
Tay-Sachs
• Tay-Sachs disease is a rare inherited disorder
that progressively destroys nerve cells
(neurons) in the brain and spine
• Enzymes are the culprit AGAIN!
• Paralysis of the nerves cause eventual death
Tay-Sachs
Tay Sachs
Duchene Muscular Dystrophy
• Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a
genetic disorder characterized by progressive
muscle degeneration and weakness
• Until relatively recently, boys with DMD
usually did not survive much beyond their
teen years
– Advances in cardiac and respiratory care means
that survival into the early 30s is becoming more
common
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
PKU (PhenylKetonUrea)
• Decreased metabolism of the amino
acid phenylalanine
– Enzymes can’t break it down!
• Untreated PKU can lead to intellectual
disability, seizures and death
PKU
Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
• A genetic disorder that affects mostly the
lungs, but also the pancreas, liver, kidneys,
and intestine Cystic Fibrosis
• The enzymes required to break down mucous
are not functioning, so the mucous collects
and clogs…
SCID (Severe combined
immunodeficiency)
• Do you know “David, the Boy in the Bubble”,
who was born without a working immune
system?
SCID
• What happens when your immune system
doesn’t work???
https://www.nytimes.com/video/u
– s/100000004077071/the-boy-in-
the-bubble.html
Albinism
• Albinism is an inherited genetic condition that
reduces the amount of melanin pigment
formed in the skin, hair and/or eyes. Albinism
occurs in all racial and ethnic groups
throughout the world.
– As well as other species!
Albino Animals
Different degrees of Albinism…
Y linked
• Hairy ears