Distance 7sa

SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection
7SA522 and 7SA6
Productmanager Distance Protection
Michael Claus
EV S V 13 Nürnberg H
Phone: +49 911 433 8261
Fax: +49 911 433 8301
Email: Michael.Claus@ev.siemens.de
Info - 1
Distance protection EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00
SIPROTEC 4 -
What it means
SIPROTEC 4
is a family of numerical
Protection, Control and Automation
Devices
from
Info - 2
Distance protection: Past and Present
7SA510 SIPROTEC 4
7SA511 Software System
7SA513
7SA522
7SA6
SIPROTEC 4
Hardware Platform
Info - 3
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection 7SA522 and 7SA6
7SA522 +
7SA6
One family of
distance
protection for
all voltage
applications
Info - 4
SIPROTEC 4
Distance protection
7SA61 + 7SA522
 Protection
 4-line display
 MV, HV and EHV
7SA610 7SA611 + 7SA522 7SA612 + 7SA522
7SA63
 Protection + local control
 integrated graphic display
 mainly MV
7SA631 7SA632
7SA64
 Protection + local control
 detached control panel
 mainly MV
7SA641 7SA642
All core functions are
available in all the
housing versions
Info - 5
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection, Scope of functions (1) ANSI-No.
 Distance Protection  21, 21N

 full scheme measurement with sophisticated loop selection
 fast three phase and single phase tripping
 with/without parallel line compensation
 special filtering for CVT transients
 special algorithm for detection and compensation of CT
saturation  Low demand on CT specification
 Power swing blocking/out-of-step tripping  68
 Fault Locator with/without parallel line compensation  FL
Info - 6
Distance protection EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00 17.10.97
en513all7
SIPROTEC 4
 Universal teleprotection interface  85-21

(PUTT, POTT, Blocking, Unblocking, DTT...)
 High resistance earth fault protection  50N, 51N,
for earthed systems 67N
 Teleprotection interface for earth fault protection  85-67N
(Directional comparison, Blocking, Unblocking)
 Weak infeed protection  WI
(Echo and Trip)
 Overcurrent protection DMTL/IDMTL as parallel or  50, 51
emergency function 50N-2,
51N-2
Info - 7
en513all8
SIPROTEC 4
 Voltage protection 1)  59, 27 1)

 Fast tripping with switch-onto-fault condition (12 ms)  50HS
 STUB Bus Overcurrent protection  50-STUB
 Single and three pole multishot automatic reclosure  79
 Synchro-check  25
 Circuit-breaker failure protection  50BF
 Thermal overload protection 2)  49 2)
 Earth fault detection in compensated/isolated systems 2)
1) 7SA522: Overvoltage, 7SA6: Over- and Undervoltage

2) available only in 7SA6
Info - 8
SIPROTEC 4
 Trip Circuit Supervision 74TC

 Lock Out 86
 Oscillographic Fault Recording (total length 15 s) FR
 Voltage Phase Sequence
47
 Interfaces
 Time synchronization (IRIG-B, DCF77)
 User interface#1 (on the front for DIGSI 4)
 User-(Service-)interface #2 (on the rear, DIGSI 4/Modem)
 System interface (IEC60870-5-103/Profibus FMS/others)
 Remote relay interfaces #1 (planned for teleprotection*)
 1) Remote relay interfaces #2 (planned for teleprotection*)
1) available only in 7SA522 * available approx. 1st Q/01
Info - 9
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection, Monitoring
Operating system monitoring Plausibility monitoring
 Auxiliary voltage failure  Current sum
 Measured value detection  Current symmetry
 Buffer battery  Open conductor
 Hardware–Watchdog  Fuse Failure
 Software–Watchdog  1- / 2-pole failures
 Working memory  3-pole failures
 Program memory  Voltage sum
 Parameter memory  Voltage symmetry
 Sampling frequency  Voltage phase rotation
 1/5 A–setting
 Calibration data
 Earth current
transformer
sensitive/normal
 Modules (I/O Boards)
Info - 10
Distance protection EV S V13/ Claus/ 23.08.00 !
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection
for
Quadrilateral Characteristic
wa
X
rds
Line
Z5
5 Zones (time delayed) Z4
optionally: Z1B
Z2

- Forward rev
e rse
Z1
- Reverse

- Non-directional Load Load
Dependant Zone Z1b for forw

ard
Teleprotection and s
Auto-recloser Z3
rev
Prevention of load
ers
e
encroachment
Info - 12
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection: Overall Trip Time Curves at SIR = 30
50
If
45
ZQ ZL
40 G E VF
35
tripping time (ms)
30 distance relay
25
20
Relay S
15
SIPROTEC 4, 7SA522 + 7SA6
Relay E
10
Relay A
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
% of zone 1 setting
Info - 13
SIPROTEC 4 Distance Protection,
Data window position, Adaptive Measuring Algorithm
A
+ 2 .0 0
+ 1 .6 0
+ 1 .2 0
+ 0 .8 0
+ 0 .4 0
+ 0 .0 0
-0 .4 0
-0 .8 0
-1 .2 0
Estimator 1 (n=5)
E s tim a to r 2 (n = 6 )
E s tim a to r 3 (n = 8 )
E s tim a to r 4 (n = 1 0 )
E s tim a to r 5 (n = 1 3 )
E s tim a to r 6 (n =15)
N o rm a l s ta g e 1
(n = 2 1 )
(n = 2 6 )
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
ju m p d e te c tio n m s
Info - 14
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection Function: Difference 7SA522 - 7SA6
 7SA522
 for solid earthed systems
 quadrilateral and/or MHO characteristic
(MHO circle for specific markets, quadrilateral is preferred)
 full market introduction: 1999
 primary market outside continental Europe
 7SA6
 for systems with solid grounding or
reactance (compensated) / isolated treatment of system starpoint
 fault detection selectable as either I>, Z<, U/I and U/I/
 Market introduction: Summer 2000
 Primary market continental Europe
Info - 15
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection 7SA522
X Line
Mho Characteristic Z5
Z4
Z1B
5 Zones optionally:
Z2
- Forward Z1
- Reverse
Load  Load
Dependant Zone Z1b for R
Teleprotection and
Auto-recloser
Prevention of load
encroachment Z3 (if revers)
Info - 16
SIPROTEC 4, Distance Protection
Parallel-line compensation: connection and setting
L1 (A)
L2 (B)
L3 (C)
Busbar
Q1
Q2 IL1(A)
Q3
Q4 IL2(B)
Q5
Q6 IL3(C)
Q7
Q8 I4
52 Circuit 52 Circuit
breaker breaker
Line Parallel line
Info - 17
Patented power swing detection provides secure operation with
swing frequencies of up to 6 Hz
iL1/A
0
Example:
-2 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6
t/s 400 kV
-4
iL2/A 400 km
0
fPS  2 Hz
-2
0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6
t/s
3-pole fault
iL3/A
2 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6
t/s
0
-2
uL1/V
0
0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6
-50 t/s
uL2/V
50
0
0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6
-50 t/s
uL3/V
50
0
0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6
-50 t/s
Power Swing
>DisTel Rec.Ch1
Dis.T.SEND
Dis. forward
Dis. reverse
Relay PICKUP
Relay TRIP
DisTRIP3p Z1Bmf
0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6
t/s
Info - 18
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection: Fault locator
Info - 19
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection: Phase segregated Teleprotection
2 2 L2-E
Z1B Z1
1
L1-E
1
A B
Z1 Z1B
A1 trips single-phase in L1 with a phase-segregated L1-receive-signal

 Maximum of Selectivity
Note: 3 binary channels for both directions are requested or (in preparation) one serial link
Info - 20
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection: Teleprotection with three-terminal lines
Software provides
teleprotection of three-
terminal lines without
additional logic
Info - 21
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection: High Resistance Earth Fault Protection
 Earth (zero sequence) current protection, 4 stages

 3 definite-time stages
 1 inverse-time stage: IEC, logarithmic inverse or ANSI characteristic
this stage can also be used as a 4th definite-time stage
 Directional determination with 3V0 and/or Ipol of an earthed power
transformer
 Directional determination with V2 and I2 (negative sequence)
 Sensitive 3I0-measurement with a dynamic from 0.003 A to 100 x In
 Elimination of higher harmonics with special digital filters
 Inrush-stabilisation with I0/100Hz
 Teleprotection: Directional comparison, Blocking or Unblocking
 Operation with weak infeed trip and echo
 Instantaneous trip after switch-onto-fault
Info - 22
SIPROTEC 4
T
Definite-time characteristic
T3I0>
T3I0>>
T3I0>>>
3I0> 3I0>> 3I0>>> 3I0
Info - 23
SIPROTEC 4
Tripping characteristic Logarithmic Inverse
10
t
9 T3I0pmax (P3145)
8 T3I0p (P3144)
7
3I0p(P3140)
6
Example: t = 5.8 - 1.35 ln(3I0 / 3I0p)
5
2
T3I0min
(P3141) 1
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
3I0p Startpoint(P3154) 3I0 / 3I0p

Info - 24
SIPROTEC 4
IEC-characteristic:
normal inverse: t s   very inverse: t s  
0.14 13.5
0.02  * Tp * Tp
 I  I
  1 1
Ip
 Ip 
extremly inverse: t s   long time inverse: t s   I
80 120
2  * Tp * Tp
 I  1
  1 Ip
 Ip 
ANSI-characteristic:
 
  Inverse
 
t s   
A short inverse very inverse
N
 B * D
 I   long inverse extremly inverse
  Ip   1  moderately inverse definite inverse
  
Logarithmic-inverse characteristic:
t s   T 3I 0P max  T 3I 0P * ln
3I 0
for t>T3I0Pmin, otherwise: t[s]=T3I0Pmin
3I 0P
Info - 25
SIPROTEC 4
T
Inverse-time characteristic: IEC

Tp =1
Pickup: a = 1.1 x 3I0/IP

Reset: b = 1.045 x 3I0/IP
0 ba 20 3I0/Ip
Info - 26
SIPROTEC 4
dB
Filter characteristic for stages 3I0>>> and 3I0>>
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
-110
-120
-130
-140
-150
-160
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
f/fn
Info - 27
SIPROTEC 4
Filter characteristic for stages 3I0> and Inverse time stage

dB
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
-110
-120
-130
-140
-150
-160
-170
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
f/fn
Info - 28
SIPROTEC 4
Earth fault
direction
Inrush- EF IE> Echo Tele-

stabilisation EF Fault Det. protection
SOTF
>EF Trip rel.
Direc. 3I0>>> =
P
&
P 3I0>>>
EF>>> Trip
& T
>EF>>> block 3I0>>> Def. Time Stage

3I0>> Def. Time Stage
3I0> Def. Time Stage
P Direc. 3I0p
= &
P 3I0p
P3146 AddTdelay
EFp Trip
&
T(3I0/IN)
T
>EFp block Inverse Time Stage
= Input signal P = Parameter = Output Signal

(binary input) (alarm, command)
Info - 29
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection: Permissive overreach transfer trip (POTT)
A Z1(A) B Z 1B(A)
Z1B(B) Z 1(B)
Z1B Z1B
T1B trans- trans- T1B
OR OR TS
(A) & TS mit mit & (B)
& &
OR Trip Trip OR Z1 or
Z1 or
further re- further
re-
zones ceive zones
ceive
TS
Info - 30
SIPROTEC 4 Distance Protection
STUB protection for 11/2-circuit breaker arrangement
Busbar A
IA
CB
feeder 1
(A)
Ik = IA+ IB line isolator 1
stub fault
CB
(C)
IB
line isolator 2
feeder 2
CB Release of STUB-stage with open line isolator:

(B)
Busbar B
Info - 31
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection: Auto-reclosure
Auto-reclosure (AR)
TRIP RE- TRIP RE- final
1-pole CLOSE CLOSE TRIP
3-pole
* ON
OFF
1st 2nd
T1-act dead time dead time tzone-delay
T2-act
ADT = Reclosure, when AR at the remote end was successful

* DLC = Reclosure only on dead line
RDT = Reduced dead time, if trip had occurred with zone extension
Info - 32
Synchronism-check
application examples functions

(separately settable for AR and
- combination with internal or manual closing)
external AR
- program selection via parameters:
- activation also for manual closing synchro-check / U1 > U2 < /
(settable) U1 < U2 > / U1 < U2 < / overrule
- asynchronous switching (settable) - all programs separately settable

via binary inputs
- synchronous monitoring time, after which
the closing will be blocked (settable)
parameters measurement
- voltages U<, U>, U - evaluation of the fundamental wave
- f synchronous switching (0.01 ... 0.03 Hz) - insensitive against harmonics
- f asynchronous switching (0.03 ... 1 Hz) - for dead line check all three phases
are controlled
-  (1° ... 60°)
Info - 33
engersyn1
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection: Breaker failure protection
 2 stages
 Internal initiation and via binary inputs
 Extremely short reset time: approx. 10ms
 End-fault protection
 Pole discrepancy supervision
Info - 34
SIPROTEC 4
Distance Protection
7SA522
with light
or electrical
 exchangeable
 upgradeable
Info - 35
SIPROTEC 4 -
Distance Protection
Safe operation,
reduced training
User friendly Operation requirements
Flexible Functionality and

Fits all applications
Open Communication
One Family System concept

SIPROTEC and SICAM
Info - 37
What makes these devices so attractive ?
Log. IN 1
F1
Log.OUT1
>1
Log. IN 2
F2
Log.IN3
CFC
Full Logic
Functionality Logic inputs from Logic outputs to the
the matrix to CFC configuration matrix
Additional logic
Interlocking
Measured values
processing
Info - 38
I1 :400.9A f:50.0Hz
U1:12.22kV
P :+8.03MW cos
Q :+2.64MVar
Comprehensive L1
L2
402.1A
401.2A
Max450.1A
Max421.2A
measured value L3
E
401.0A
00.0A
Max431.4A
processing
% IL UL-E UL-L
L1 100.0 100.4 100.1
L2 100.4 100.3 100.0
L3 100.1 100.1 100.4
Info - 39
The easy
handling with
DIGSI 4
Info - 40

Distance 7sa

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SIPROTEC 4

 Distance Protection  21, 21N

 Universal teleprotection interface  85-21

 Voltage protection 1)  59, 27 1)

1) 7SA522: Overvoltage, 7SA6: Over- and Undervoltage

 Trip Circuit Supervision 74TC

5 Zones (time delayed) Z4

Dependant Zone Z1b for forw

Dependant Zone Z1b for R

Line Parallel line

A1 trips single-phase in L1 with a phase-segregated L1-receive-signal

 Earth (zero sequence) current protection, 4 stages

3I0> 3I0>> 3I0>>> 3I0

3I0p Startpoint(P3154) 3I0 / 3I0p

Inverse-time characteristic: IEC

Pickup: a = 1.1 x 3I0/IP

Filter characteristic for stages 3I0> and Inverse time stage

Inrush- EF IE> Echo Tele-

>EF Trip rel.

>EF>>> block 3I0>>> Def. Time Stage

= Input signal P = Parameter = Output Signal

CB Release of STUB-stage with open line isolator:

ADT = Reclosure, when AR at the remote end was successful

application examples functions

- asynchronous switching (settable) - all programs separately settable

- voltages U<, U>, U - evaluation of the fundamental wave

- f synchronous switching (0.01 ... 0.03 Hz) - insensitive against harmonics

Flexible Functionality and

One Family System concept

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