Troposphere

•The troposphere is the lowest layer of earth’s atmosphere. The

troposphere starts at earth’s surface and goes up to a height of 7 to 20
km above sea level.
•This layer are most affected by air pollution
•The term troposphere literally means turnover,meaning that in this
regio air mixes and constantly moves resulting in constant change
called weather, allmost all weather occurs within this layer that why
this is sometimes called as ZONE OF WEATHER.
•Air is warmest at the bottom of the trotosphere near ground
level.higher up its gets colder.
•The boundary between the troposphere and the next upper layer is
called tropopause.
 Stratosphere
•This layer is lying at about 20- 50 km. From the earth surface.

•The temperature in lower stratosphere remains the same but

beyond, there is a gradual increase in temperature.
•Unlike the troposphere, there is no air mixing and no turbulence in
this layer.
•Increase in temperature is due to the concentration of the gas
ozone forming a layer called ozone layer. Ozone is a variant of
oxygen compose of 3 atoms of oxygen.

•The boundary between the stratosphere and the next layeris

called the stratospause.
 Mesosphere
•Located within 50-80 km. from earth surface.
•The term literally means middle area.

•The temperature in this layer is decreasing.

•This is also the last layer with homogeneous air which is chiefly
Oxygen and Nitrogen

•Most meteors vaporize in the mesosphere. Some material from

meteor lingers in the mesosphere, causing this layer have a relatively
high concentration of iron and other metal atoms.

•The boundary between the mesosphere and the next uppwer layer
is called mesopause
 Thermosphere
•This layer is lying beyond the mesosphere, specifically
within 80-100 km. from the earth surface.

•Air in here is heterogenous with varying amounts of

hydrogen and helium.

•The actual temperature in the thermosphere can reach as

high as 2000◦C! it is so hot here because nitrogen and
oxygen in the atmosphere absorb a lot of radiation from
space and convert it to heat.
•The boundary between the thermosphere and the
exosphere above its called the thermopause
•The lower Thermosphere is called the
lonosphere; it extends from 80 to 550 kilometers
above the Earth’s surface. Nitrogen, oxygen,and
other particles in the Lonosphere absorb
radiation from the sun and become electrically
charged. Electrically charged particles are called
ions, hence the name: the lonosphere. These ions
are important to radio because they reflect AM
radio waves back to earth allowing for long
distance messges to be sent.
 Exosphere
•Beyond 100km is the start of the Earth’s outermost
atmospheric layer, marking the beginning of the
outer space.
•The air Particles here are hotter than the
ionosphere.
•The Temperature are very high because of the
incessant bombardment f cosmic rays.
•Density is very low the collisions between particles
are extremely rare.
Heat Transfer in The
Atmosphere
 Insolation
•This is acronym for incoming solar radiation. This
Refers to solar radiation reaching the atmosphere
and the surface and becomes utilized in heating
his part of the atmosphere near the surface.
QUESTIONS
1. Composed of hydrogen and helium.
2. Most affected by air pollution.
3. Coldest layer of the atmosphere.
4. Contains ozone (O3).
5. Give the 5 layers of the atmosphere.
TRUE
OR
FALSE
1. Exosphere is the start of the Earth’s
outermost atmospheric layer.
2. The boundary between the
Thermosphere and the exosphere
above is called thermopause.
3. Mesosphere is located within 60-90
km from earth surface.
4. Stratosphere is lying at about 30-80
km. From the earth surface.
5. The troposphere is the lowest layer
of Earth’s atmosphere.
ANSWERS
1. Thermosphere
2. Troposphere
3. Mesosphere
4. Stratosphere
5. Troposphere,Stratosphere,Mesosphere,
Thermosphere,Exosphere.
6. True
7. True
8. False
9. False
10. True
 THANKYOU
-RALPH