Tc CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY

Antigen/ T cells interaction

Vaccination

APC Protein Th -1 Blas t

Ag Cells Formation

Proliferation
Tc
M e mo ry
ce lls
C e lls

B
D ifferentiation
NK
ce l l s ce l l s Cytokines
IL-2
Effe cte r
IL-4
Tc MӨ
IL-5
C e lls

Cells
λ-IN F
 Fate of endogenous antigen
Vaccination

Protein Protein Th Blast

CHO APC Ag Cells Formation
Lipid
NA
Memory
Cells

Differentiation Proliferation
Cytokines
IL-1, IL-4,IL-5 Effecter
Cells

INF-gamma

Tc
Cells
Tc
Cells Porins
Liver Liver Lysis of liver cell
cells Cells
 Properties of T cells
• APC are cells that endocytose, process and present the antigens on
their surface along with MHC-1, or MHC-II antigens (Ia antigen).
• Th cells have CD4 (cluster differentiating molecules) on their surface
as T cell receptor-TCR while Tc cells have CD8 molecules on their
surface as TCR.
• Tc cells never recognize free form of the antigens but recognize the
endogenous antigens expressed/associated / attached with MHC-I.
• Each host has as many Tc cells as the protein antigens are present in
the nature.
• Tc cells are MHC class restricted. Tc cells recognize the foreign
antigen if it is associated with self MHC class I on surface of self
APC. Avian Tc will not recognize foreign antigen from the surface
bovine liver cells. Canine Tc cells will not recognize foreign antigen
from surface of human epithelial cells.
 Response of T cells to foreign antigen
• Suppose, a buffalo calf was vaccinated against O type of FMD virus and one month
latter, the same calf was exposed to the same virus (O type FMD virus). The virus
will follow two pathways.
– The virus may act as foreign exogenous antigen and may be endocytosed by APC and express
its antigen on its surface in association with MHC-II antigen. In the vaccinated calf, Memory Th
cell will recognized the virus antigen and produce cytokines within 48-72 hours. While in non-
vaccinated calf cytokines will be produced after 7 days.
– The virus may start to replication in the epithelial cells at site of their entry. and present its
endogenous antigen in association with MHC-1 antigen on surface of the epithelial cells. This
is first cycle of the virus replication and it may take 48 hours.
• Cytokine activated Tc recognize their specific foreign endogenous antigen (O type
of FMD virus) that is associated with MHC-class I on the surface of epithelial cells
and start producing porins that bind on the surface of infected cells and induce its
lysis through process of apoptosis.
• In this way, the virus is unable to replicate and unable to disseminate in the body.
This way how cytokine Tc cells can control virus replication.
• In the non-vaccinated calf, cytokine are not produced within 36 to 72 hours but are
produced after 5-7 days. So virus replicate freely for 5-7 days and infected host
show the signs of illness.
• After 7 days, immunity will be produced and induce recovery. In this way animal
may die with in 7 days and after 7 days, chances of recovery after 7 days are more
than 90%. Such recovery is known as self recovery/self cure phenomenon.
 Questions
• Write cellular and molecular basis of Tc cell mediated
immunity against FMD virus in the vaccinated calf?
• What is fate of lentogenic live Newcastle disease virus
vaccine in a 12 weeks old chicken?
• What is fate of live ND virus if inoculated on a
monolayer of avian fibroblast, Avian macrophages, Tc
cells and avian memory Th cells?
• What is fate of live O type of FMD virus if inoculated on
a monolayer of BHK-21 cell line, bovine Tc cells and
avian memory Th cells?
• What is effect of cytokines on Tc cells attached with
endogenous antigen on surface of adeno virus infected
hepatocytes?
• What is difference between Th and Tc cells?