CLASSIFICATION

OF PUMPS
CLASSIFICATION OF PUMPS

POSITIVEDISPLACEMENT
CENTRIFUGAL
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
A positive displacement pump makes a fluid move by
trapping a fixed amount and forcing (displacing) that
trapped volume into the discharge pipe.
Some positive displacement pumps use an expanding
cavity on the suction side and a decreasing cavity on
the discharge side. Liquid flows into the pump as the
cavity on the suction side expands and the liquid flows
out of the discharge as the cavity collapses. The volume
is constant through each cycle of operation.
ROTARY PUMPS
A positive displacement pump. For each revolution of the
pump, a fixed volume of fluid is moved regardless of the
resistance against which the pump is pushing. It is self-
priming, and gives practically constant delivered
capacity regardless of the pressure. The rotary pump
consists of a fixed casing containing gears, cams, screws,
plungers or similar elements actuated by rotation of the
drive shaft. A number of pump types are included in this
classification, among which are the gear pump, the
screw pump, and the rotary vane pump.
Rotary pumps are useful for pumping oil and other liquids of
high viscosity. In the engine room, rotary pumps are used
for handling lube oil and fuel oil and are suitable for
handling liquids over a wide range of viscosities. Rotary
pumps are designed with very small clearances between
rotating parts and stationary parts to minimize leakage
(slippage) from the discharge side back to the suction side.
Rotary pumps are designed to operate at relatively low
speeds to maintain these clearances. The operation at
higher speeds causes erosion and excessive wear which
result in increased clearances with a subsequent decrease
in pumping capacity.
ROTARY PUMP
RECIPROCATING PUMP

Reciprocating pump is a positive displacement pump

where certain volume of liquid is collected in
enclosed volume and is discharged using pressure to
the required application. Reciprocating pumps are
more suitable for low volumes of flow at high
pressures.
RECIPROCATING PUMP

Piston pumps and plunger pumps are reciprocating

pumps that use a plunger or piston to move media
through a cylindrical chamber. The plunger or piston
is actuated by a steam powered, pneumatic,
hydraulic, or electric drive.
RECIPROCATING PUMP
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

a kinetic machine in which energy is continuously imparted

to the pumped fluid by means of a rotating impeller,
propeller, or rotor, in contrast to a positive displacement
pump in which a fluid is moved by trapping a fixed amount
of fluid and forcing the trapped volume into the pump's
discharge. Examples of rotodynamic pumps include adding
kinetic energy to a fluid such as by using a centrifugal pump
to increase fluid velocity or pressure.
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
Centrifugal pumps are used in buildings for
pumping the general water supply, as a booster
and for domestic water supplies. The design of a
centrifugal pump makes them useful for pumping
sewage and slurries. They are also used in fire
protection systems and for heating and cooling
applications. In addition, they are popular in the
beverage, dairy, food and light chemical
industries.