TYPES OF BUILDINGS

SUSTAINABILITY

SHIVANI LOHIYA
BArch. 2nd year
Section-B
 CONTEMPORARY BUILDING
• Contemporary architecture is definable broadly as the
building style of the present day.
• Contemporary homes typically include an irregular or usually
shaped frame, an open floor plan, oversized windows, and the
use of “ green “ and repurposed components.
• Such homes also often have an organic design, fitting into the
surrounding space and meeting an immediate need in the
area.
• Contemporary buildings tend to be highly functional and may
push the limits of what can be defined as contemporary
architecture.

-Simple layouts
-Form is based on the
function of the space.
-Asymmetrical plans.
-Large and more
number of openings of
distinct shape.
The Quadracci Pavilion of the Milwaukee Art
-Ample of natural light.
Museum in Milwaukee, Wisconsin by
Santiago Calatrava (2001)
 “Contemporary” is not limited to a single stylistic thread.
 “modern recalls the early and mid-20th –century architecture embodying the
ideals of the machine age: an absence of ornament, structures of steel or
concrete, large expanses of glass, a whitewash ( usually stucco over brick ) or
another minimal exterior expression, and open floor plans.
 LOW ENERGY BUILDING
• The low energy building can be
divided into two specific
approaches:
-the concept of 50% and the
concept of 0%
• A building constructed using the
50% concept consumes only one
half of the heating energy of a
standard building.
• The low energy consumption is
bases on an increased level of
thermal insulation, high Kolon E+Green House
performance windows, airtight
structural details and a Korea
ventilation heat recovery system. design features include solar arrays,
wind turbines, geothermal heat
pumps, and rainwater harvesting
from the massive green roof.
 ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING
-The benefits of energy efficiency in building are compelling, cost
effective and can help consumers to save money in the long term.
-The strategy is to reduce the operating energy use.
-To reduce operating energy use, high-efficiency windows and
insulation in walls, ceilings, and floors increase the efficiency of the
building envelope, (the barrier between conditioned and
unconditioned space).
-Another strategy, passive solar building design, is often implemented
in low-energy homes.
-Designers orient windows and walls and place awnings, porches, and
trees to shade windows and roofs during the summer while
maximizing solar gain in the winter.
-In addition, effective window placement (day lighting) can provide
more natural light and lessen the need for electric lighting during the
day.

One Angel Square, Manchester,

United Kingdom
 ZERO ENERGY BUILDING
• A net zero energy building can be defined as a building in which
total amount of energy used is equal to amount of renewable
energy created on the site
• Means to reduce carbon emissions & reduce dependence on fossil
fuels
• Buildings that produce a surplus of energy over the year are called
“Energy Surplus Buildings”
• During the last 20 years more than 200 reputable projects claiming
net zero energy balance have been realized all over the world
which extensively utilize the renewable energy sources to earn the
tag of ZEB.

Net Zero Court zero emissions office

building prototype in St. Louis,
Missouri
 GREEN BUILDING
• Green building is a high performance building design concept that aims
at creating energy-efficient ,healthy and productive building with
minimal impact on the local environment.
• A global drive in construction industry worldwide by various national
governments and international entities for improving the
environmental conditions, sustainability and urban livability .
• They are real, pragmatic solutions to vexing problems associated with
climate change, human health and environmental quality for
sustainable living.

WAYS TO ACHIEVE
ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN
GREEN BUILDINGS
• Use of solar shading and advanced
day lighting.
• Installing renewable energy
systems.
• Using materials for thermal
envelope.
• Installing natural ventilation
systems in stead of forced air
heating and cooling.
The German Reichstag
• Providing reflective exterior
surfaces. The building's energy system is based upon a
• Usage of advanced heating and mix of solar energy, geothermal power,
cooling technologies. combined heat and power, biofuel generators,
• Usage of building energy and innovative ventilation. Special insulation
management systems. limits heat loss. More than 80 percent of electricity
• Efficient lighting systems . needed is generated internally. A geothermal
Integrated design process. installation cools the building in summer and
• Source: Intergovernmental panel on provides heat in winter. Annual CO2 emissions are
climate change(IPCC) thus reduced from 7,000 to less than 1,000 tons.
 GREEN RATED BUILDING
• GREEN BUILDING RATING SYSTEM
• The Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) provides LEED ratings to
structures in India and Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment
(GRIHA) is the National Rating System of India.
• Each rating system divided into different level of certification is as follows:
• ‘Certified’ to recognise best practices.
• ‘Silver’ to recognise outstanding performances.
• ‘Gold’ to recognise national excellence.
• ‘Platinum’ to recognise global leadership.

Taipei 101, the tallest and largest green

building of LEED Platinum certification
in the world since 2011
 LOW COST BUILDING
It is considered a concept of reduction in the cost of construction without
sacrificing the strength required for the performance of the building.

• Inexpensive to build.
• Save money while also maintaining building quality.
• Not sacrificing the strength, performance and life of the structure.
• Takes less time in building in comparison to the conventional ones.
• Use of resources while not harming the environment.
• Final result should be affordable for most people.

Why do we need low cost houses?

• Growing population day by day.
• Affordable housing for BPL people.
• We need a solution that is fast.
• Easy to build.
• Fulfills the needs of conventional houses.
• Our country aims that in our near future each and every individual has
his/her shelter for his family and to fulfill this need we definitely need some
immediate plans.

Techniques to reduce cost from area

• Reduce plinth area by using thinner wall concept.
• Use locally available material in an innovative form like soil cement blocks in
place of burnt brick.
• Use energy efficiency materials which consumes less energy like concrete
block in place of burnt brick.
• Use environmentally friendly materials which are substitute for conventional
building components like use R.C.C. Door and window frames in place of
wooden frames.
• Preplan every component of a house and rationalize the design procedure
for reducing the size of the component in the building.
• By planning each and every component of a house the wastage of materials
due to demolition of the unplanned component of the house can be
avoided.
The Hamlet at Nalanchira in Thiruvananthapuram, which was home to
Baker and his wife since 1970. The house, which resides on a hill top,
was constructed by Baker.

Techniques-