JAZZ MUSIC

The development of the jazz genre was an

offshoot of the music of African slaves who
were brought to America. As an outlet for
their deepest feelings, the Africans used
music to recall their nostalgic past in their
home country as well as to voice out their
 RAGTIME
• Ragtime is an American popular musical style
mainly for piano, that originated in the Afro-
American communities of St. Louis and New
Orleans. It was said to be a modification of the
“marching mode” made popular by John Philip
Sousa, where the effect is generated by an
internally syncopated melodic line pitted against
 FOREMOST
EXPONENTS OF
RAGTIME WERE:
 JELLY ROLL MORTON
• an American early
jazz pianist who
composed Frog-I-
More Rag
 SCOTT JOPLIN
•who composed
the popular
Maple Leaf Rag,
Solace, and The
Entertainer.
Joplin is also known as the “King of
Ragtime.”
Ragtime influenced a number of
classical composers as well, among
them Erik Satie, Claude Debussy, and
 IGOR STRAVINSKY
•Who injected
ragtime rhythmic
elements in their
compositions.
 BIG BAND
• The term “Big Band” refers to a large ensemble
form originating in the United States in the mid-
1920s closely associated with the Swing Era and
its jazz elements. This style relied heavily on
percussion (drums), wind, rhythm (guitar, piano,
double bass, vibes), brass instruments(particularly
saxophones), with a lyrical string section (violins
•A standard big band 17-piece
instrumentation consisted of the following
percussion, brass, and woodwind
instruments: five saxophones (most often
two altos, two tenors, and one baritone),
four trumpets, four trombones (often
including one bass trombone), and a four-
piece rhythm section (composed of drums,
•Among the great Big Bands were the Glenn
Miller Orchestra (A String of Pearls; Moonlight
Serenade, In The Mood, American Patrol, and
Smoke Gets in Your Eyes); the Count Basie
Orchestra (April in Paris); and the Benny
Goodman Orchestra (Sing, Sing, Sing). Some
solo singers such as Cab Calloway (Minnie the
 BEBOP
•Bebop or bop is a musical style of
modern jazz that emerged during World
War II. It was characterized by a fast
tempo, instrumental virtuosity, and
rhythm resulted in a heavy performance
•Bebop’s main exponents were trumpeter
Dizzy Gillespie, alto sax player Charlie
Parker, drummers Max Roach and Roy
Haynes, pianist Bud Powell and Thelonius
Monk, guitarist Charlie Christian tenor sax
players Dexter Gordon and Sonny Rollins
,who was also a composer; and trombonist
JJ Johnson.
 JAZZ ROCK
• Jazz rock is the music of 1960s and 1970s bands
that inserted jazz elements into rock music.A
synonym for ‘’jazz fusion’’jazz rock is a mix of
funk and R&B (‘’rhythm and blues’’)
rhythm,where the music used amplification and
electronic effects, complex time signature, and
extended instrumental compositions with
POPULAR SINGER/SONGWRITERS WHO
ADOPTED THE JAZZ ROCK STYLE WERE:
JONI VAN
MITCHELL MORRISON TIM BUCKLEY
 SOME POPULAR GROUPS THAT EMERGED USING
THE ABOVE MUSIC STYLES WERE THE FOLLOWING:

•Grateful Dead
•Cream
•Blood, Sweat, and Tears
•Santana
• Steely Dan
• Chicago
• Traffic
• Lighthouse
• Frank Zappa
• Soft Machine
• Hatfield and the North
 POPULAR MUSIC
• Popular music literally means “music of the populace,”
similar to traditional folk music of the past. As it
developed in the 19th century, pop music (as it has come
to be called) generally consisted of music for
entertainment of large numbers of people, whether on
radio or in live performances. From the standard song
and ballads of the legendary Cobe Porter, George
Gershwin, and Frank Sinatra to the rock and roll craze of
Elvis Presley and the Beatles and the present-day idols in
 FOLK MUSIC
• Traditionally, folk music refers to melodies and
songs of the common people that are handed
down from one generation to the next . Dealing
with almost every kind of human activity, folk
music often expresses the character of ethnic and
social groups, and sometimes of a nation. As the
music of the people, it can express political or
• In the 1960s and 1970s, folk music took on a new
character. It was combined with elements of rock
to express the social and political concerns of the
youth of that era.
• In the United States, for example, musicians like
Woody Guthrie, Bob Dylan, Joan Baez, Joni
Mitchell, John Denver, James Taylor, Cat Stevens,
the group Peter, Paul, and Mary, and the duo of
Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel sang and wrote
•Folk materials was adopted by
contemporary performers and
popularized in concerts,
recordings, and broadcasting. A
new genre of popular with folk
roots had developed.
 COUNTRY AND WESTERN MUSIC
• Country and Western music is a blend of popular
musical forms originally found in the Southern
United States. It has roots in traditional folk music
and evolved rapidly in the 1920s. The term
“country music” began to be used in the 1940s
when the earlier term “hillbilly music” was felt to
be degrading, and the term was subsequently
 COUNTRY AND WESTERN MUSIC
• Country and Western music reflects the people’s
life experiences and local settings, even while
combining ideals of progressive society with
nostalgia for one’s roots and culture. It features
simple tunes, usually sung solo accompanied by a
guitar, a banjo, or occasional whistling. The
themes of the songs capture the romantic
Among the pioneering country music artist are
Johnny Cash, Loretta Lynn ,Roy Rogers ,
Jimmy Rodgers ,Patsy Cline , Jim Reeves
,and the famed duet partners Kenny Rogers
and Dolly Parton . Kenny Rogers has a unique
voice with a storyteller style . Among todays
popular country singer are husband and wife
Tim McGraw and Faith Hill ,Keith Urban
 BALLADS
• Ballads originated as an expressive folksong in
narrative verse with text dealing typically with love
.The word derived both from the medieval French
“chanson balladee” and “balladee’’ which refers to
a dancing song . Used by poets and composer
since the 18th century , it became a slow popular
love song in the 19th century. Today , the term
 1. BLUES BALLADS
This is the fusion of Anglo-American
styles from the 19th century that often
deals with anti –heroes resting authority.
The forms emphasizes the character of
the performer more than the narrative
content , and is accompanied by the
 2 . POP STANDARD AND
JAZZ BALLADS
This is a blues style built from a single verse
of 16 bars ending the dominant of half –
cadence , followed by a refrain or chorus part
of 16 or 32 bars in AABA form . The b section
acts as the bridge , and the piece usually ends
 3. POP AND ROCK BALLADS
A pop and rock ballad is an emotional love
song with suggestions of folk music , as in
the Beatles’ composition The Ballad of John
Yoko and Billy Joel’s The Ballad of Billy .
This style is sometimes applied to strophic
 STANDARDS
• In music, the term “standard” is used to denote the
most popular and enduring songs from a particular
genre or style, such as those by Irving Berlin, Cole
Porter, and Rodgers and Hart. Its style is mostly in
a slow or moderate tempo with a relax mood. It
also features highly singable melodies with the
 FRANK SINATRA
• Among the foremost proponents of
these style was Frank Sinatra,
also known as “Ol’ Blue Eyes,”
“Chairman of the Board,” or “The
Voice.” His genre was
characterized as traditional pop.
Aside from being a successful
singer, he was also an actor,
 NAT KING COLE
• Another well-loved standards singer was American
balladeer Nat King Cole. Although an accomplished
pianist, he owes most of his popular musical fame to his
soothing baritone voice which he used to perform in big
band, vocal jazz, swing traditional pop, and jump blues
genres. He was the first black American to host his own
television show and maintained worldwide popularity
over 40 years past his death. He is widely considered
“on of the most important musical personalities in United
NAT KING COLE
 MATT MONROE
• He was an English singer who became one of
the most popular entertainers in the international
music scene during the 1960s. Among his hits
were Portrait of My Love, Softly as I Leave You,
the James Bond theme From Russia with Love ,
Born Free , which became his signature song ,
and Walk Away .
Other popular singer of standards were Perry
Como, Bing Crosby, Andy Williams ,Sammy
Davis Jr . , Doris Day Patti Page ,Barbra
Streisand , and Paul Anka.
 ROCK AND ROLL
Hugely popular song form in the United State the
late 1940s to the 1960s . It combined Afro –
American form such as the blues , jump blues , jazz
and gospel music .The lead instrument were the
piano and saxophone , but these were eventually
replaced by modern instruments.Among the original
The greatest of the rock and roll style was legendary
Elvis Presley . His hit songs such as heartbreak Hotel
and blue Suede Shoes were complemented by his
good looks and elaborated movements that included
hugging the microphone as he sang . Presley Style
was the precursor to that of the British band known as
The Beatles , whose compositions further boosted
rock and roll as the favorite genre of this time.
Example of the Beatle’s hit song in this genre are
Love Me Do , I Saw Her Standing There , Get
Back ,A Hard Day’s Night , Rock and Roll Music
and Help.
 THE BEATLE’S JOHN LENNON AND PAUL
MCCARTNEY AS COMPOSER/SONG WRITERS

John Lennon (1940-1980) was an English

musician , singer , performer songwriter and co-
songwriter. He was born and raised in Liverpool,
England .Lennon formed a songwriter partnership
with Paul McCartney , which is considered as
‘’one of the most celebrated songwriter
partnership of the 20th century.
 SIR JAMES PAUL MCCARTNEY
Sir James Paul McCartney (born 1942)is an
English singer ,songwriter , multi- instrumentalist
co-writer ,and composer . Paul gained worldwide
popularity and fame as member of The Beatles
which include John Lennon , George Harrison
,and Ringo Starr.
McCartney has been recognized as one of the
most successful composer and performers of all
time. It is said that over 2,200 artist have covered
his Beatles song YESTERDAY , which is more
than any other copyrighted song history . He is a
21 – time Grammy Award winner having won both
individually and with Beatles
McCartney had sold more than 15.5 millIon RIAA
– certified units in the United States .
 DISCO
The 1970s saw the rise of another form of pop
music known as ’’disco’’ . Disco music was more
danceable ,thus leading to the establishment of
venues s .for public dancing also called discos .
The term originated from the French’’dicotheque’’
which mean a library for phonograph records .
 The disco style had a soaring and reverberating
sound rhythmically controlled by a steady beat for
case of dancing , and accompanied by string ,
horns , electric guitar , and electric pianos or
synthesizer.
Superstars of the disco genre include The Bee
Gees ABBA ,Donna Summer (the queen of disco)
;Earth ,Wind and Fire ;KC and Sunshine Band :
The Village People ; and Gloria Gaynor .
 POP MUSIC
Parallel with the disco era , other pop music
superstars continued to emerge. Pop superstar in
more recent years include solo artist Celine Dion
,Madonna , Whitney Houston, Mariah Carey , Britney
Spears Lady Gaga , Bruno Mars ; as well as vocal
groups such as Boyz 2 Men , The Backstreet Boys ,
Destiny’s Child among many others.