WOMEN: A SECTORAL

SITUATIONER
Identify the major areas where women
are discriminated.
Explain why discriminated is unjust.
SECTORAL SITUATIONERS
 Gender permeates all the aspects of society. This idea may
be hard to imagine because oppression due to gender has been so
normalized that even those who experience the brunt of this
system see no wrong in it. The different sectoral situationers to
be discuss will give us an overview of the condition of women both
in the Philippines and around the globe in relation to oppression. It
will also make us understand the gender inequality that women
face everywhere.
 Sectoral Situationers:
 Women and the Economy: Women and Work
 Women, work, and Poverty in the Philippines
 Women and Education
 Women and Health
 Violence against Women
 Women and Armed Conflict
 Women in Power and Politics
 Institutional Mechanisms and the Human Rights of Women
 Discrimination against the Girl-child
 Women and the Environment
 Women and Disaster
 Women in the Indigenous Communities
 Filipino Women in Other Sectors
WOMEN AND THE ECONOMY: WOMEN AND WORK
 Work is often understood as livelihood. For a good
reason, it is seen as a survival mechanism for many as work
provides money necessary to buy goods for a person to live.
While both men and women have problems concerning work,
women have specific labor issues related to their gender.
Moreover, women’s work is often invisibilized due to their
socialized gender roles.
The following are work-related issues surrounding women around
the globe, as described in the 2015 UN World’s Women Report.

 There are fewer women than men at work, and most women
only work in one sector. Despite women contributing to all
aspects of the economy, they often participate in “vulnerable
employment” or work on their own account. Women working in
home-based employment are at risk for unemployment and
maltreatment. Women who work in the public sphere are
delegated to the service sector, such as education, social
work, health care and domestic work in private households. This
phenomenon is called the occupational segregation of
women.
Not only are fewer women employed, they also experience
the pay gap they are paid less than what men receive for
doing the same work, across all sectors and occupations.
Specifically, women earn 70%-90% of what men earn in
most countries. In addition, due to the socialized gender
roles between the two, women also work an average of two
more hours than men a day due to their productive work at
home or housework.
While many issues concerning women and work have yet to
be addressed, some issues have gained ground, such as
maternity and paternity leaves. Thankfully, the number of
paid workdays that can be taken by a woman to care for
her newborn child has increased in most countries. There
has also been an increase in initiatives for paternity leave.
WOMEN, WORK AND POVERTY IN THE
PHILIPPINES
Women as a social class are the fifth poorest. As 15.6% of
women are classified as poor in 2015. The structural
adjustment program has a negative impact on women living in
poverty, as it affects the availability of work, the nature of
one’s work, and job security.
The 2015 Beijing Platforms for Action (bpfa) +20 NGO
Report of the University of the Philippines Center for Women’s
Studies confirms that women still to face the same issues at
work today as they did ten years ago.
The Labor Force Survey of the Philippines Statistics
Authority (PSA) defines work as an economics activity that a
person does for pay.
In addition:
The 2013 gender statistics of the Philippines Statistics
Authority.
• Women make up 37.5% (8.3 million) of salaried workers in the
Philippines.
• Three out of five women are underemployed. Of the
underemployed women workers, half are wage and salary
workers. Of these underemployed women, three out of five are
in the service sector.
• Four out of five women wage earners work full time. Four out of
five of these women wage earners work in the services sector.
WOMEN AND EDUCATION
Women and girls in the developing world are often denied
opportunities for education. Lack of education limits
prospects, decreases family income, reduces health, puts
women and girls at risk of trafficking and exploitation, and
limits the economic advancement of entire countries.
World Education has a long history of successfully working
with local partners to design, manage, and evaluate
community-based initiatives to advance the conditions of girls
and women. World Education's programs help girls enroll and
stay in school and help women gain access to or create new
educational, financial, and social resources in their
communities.
In addition:
The Philippines Statistics Authority.
Literacy (2008)
 Sixty-eight million or 95.6% of Filipinos aged 10 years old
man over are basically literate.
 Basic literacy is at 96.1% for women and 95.1% for men.
Women have higher basic literacy and numerical skills than
men. Specifically, 26 million women have basic literacy,
versus 25 million men.
WOMEN AND HEALTH
Access to health care and health services constitute issues
surrounding women and health, as well as a women’s
emotional, psychological, and social wellness.

Maternal health has improved considerably.

The average life expectancy of women has risen to the age
of 72 years, while it is 68 for men.
Access to Services
Women seeking treatment for abortion are still
stigmatized, regardless of whether the abortion was self-
induced or spontaneous.
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
 Violence against women or VAW is a topic that is difficult both to
read about and to write about. Not only is the idea of causing harm
to others a complicated idea to grasp, the denial of a certain type of
violence by most cultures is saddening.
What is VAW and does it still exist today?
 If a person gets physically assaulted on the streets, one
would know that an act of violence has been committed.
Violence is an issue because it is an attack on half of the
citizens of the planet due to their biology and socially
constructed roles.
Other forms of gender-based violence also occur such as
those against the LGBT, non-binary, and non-heterosexual
individuals.
WOMEN AND ARMED CONFLICT
• An armed conflict is a contested incompatibility that
concerns government and or territory where the of armed
force between two parties ,of which at least one is
government of a state ,result at least 25 battled-related
deaths in one calendar year.
• Women usually don’t start wars ,but they do suffer heavily
from the consequences . Conflict spurs much higher rates
of sexual violence.
WOMEN IN POWER AND POLITICS
As women continue to gain more prominence in political and
electoral processes as voter candidates and officeholders , it
become even more important to understand how gender
shape political power shapes political power and the
distribution of resources within our society.
INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM HUMAN RIGHT OF
WOMEN
Specialized institution help prevent violence against women. At
national regional and international levels they have played an
important part in informing laws, policies and programs and
advancing gender equality.
 Discrimination against the girl child

While the children around the world continue to face various

forms of adversity in the 21 st century, girl children in
particular are subjected to multiple forms of oppression
,exploitation and discrimination due to their gender.
WOMEN AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Talks about the environment have remained mostly gender-
neutral before the BPFA. However, “women and the
environment” has been named as a critical area of concern
due to the disproportional impact of environment issues on
women.
 Women and Disaster
• The accelerating effects of CLIMATE CHANGE have
increased the unpredictability of the weather system
around the world.
• Gender and DISASTER RESILIENCE are strongly correlated.
• POST-DISASTER have incidences of gender-based violence
that include rape, human trafficking, and domestic abuse.
 Women in the Indigenous Communities
• According to the United Nations Development Programs in
2013,14 to 17 millions INDIGENOUS PEOPLE in the Philippines
belong to 110 ethno-linguistic groups.
• Reproductive rights of women in indigenous communities,
the Department of Health discourage home births, dubbed
as the “ no home-birthing policy ”.
 Filipino Women in Other Sectors
Muslim Women/Women of Islam

• Historically the “Moros” or Muslim in the Philippines were said to

come from at least two sultanates in Mindanao, Sulu and Palawan,
during the pre-Hispanic era. They are now concentrated in the five
provinces composing the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao.