UNIT-5

DALIT MOVEMENTS IN INDIA

 Introduction

 The term Dalit was firstly used by Jyotirao Phule for

the oppressed classes or untouchable castes of the
Hindu. Mahatma Gandhi used Harijan for the
oppressed or depressed or Dalit classes which means
'Children of God'.
 Nair Movement

 Founder-Started under the leadership of CV

Raman Pillai, K Rama Krishna Pillai and M.
Padmanabha Pillai in 1861.
 Causes and Consequences-
 1. Against Brahminic dominion
 2. The Malayali Memorial was formed by Raman
Pillai in 1891 and Nair Service Society was set up by
Padmanabha Pillai in 1914.
 Satyashodhak Movement

 Founder-Jyotirao Phule founded in 1873

(Maharashtra).
 Causes and Consequences-
 1. For emancipation of low castes, untouchables and
widows.
 2. Against Brahminic dominion
 Justice Party Movement

 Founders-Started under the leadership of Dr. T.M

Nair, P. Tyagaraja Chetti and C.N Mudalair in 1916.
 Causes and Consequences-
 1. Against Brahminic dominion in government
services, education and politics.
 2. The South Indian Liberation Federation (SILF)
was formed in 1916.
 3. The efforts yielded in the passing of 1930
Government Order providing reservations to groups.
 Self-Respect Movement

 Founders-Started under the leadership of EV

Ramaswami Naicker or Periyar in 1925.
 Causes and Consequences-
 1. Against caste system and biased approach of
Brahmins.
 2. Kudi Arasu journal was started by Periyar in 1910
 Depressed Classes Movement (Mahar
Movement)

 Founders-Started under the leadership of BR

Ambedkar in 1924.
 Causes and Consequences
 1. For the upliftment of depressed classes.
 2. Against untouchability
 3. Depressed Classes Institution was founded in 1924.
 4. Marathi fortnightly Bahiskrit Bharat was started in
1927.
 5. Establishment of Samaj Samta Sangh in 1927.
 6. Establishment of Scheduled Caste Federation in 1942
that propagated their views on depressed classes.
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