Prepared BY: Hannah Andrea C.

Baniqued
BSA-16
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
HUMAN RELATIONS MOVEMENT
DECISION MODELS
INFLUENCE OF JAPANESE MANUFACTURERS
Pre-Industrial Revolution
Craft Production - System in which highly skilled workers use
simple, flexible tools to produce small quantities of customized
goods
The introduction of STEAM POWER
ENGLAND : BIRTHPLACE of Industrial Revolution
Management theory and practice did not advance appreciably
during this period
 More efficient mechanized production
 “Atmospheric Steam Engine”
 Applied to power the machines used to pump water out of mine shafts
 Britain’s Iron Steel Expand
 Response to demand created by Napoleotic Wars
 Latter growth of railroad industry
 Smelting of iron ore with coke instead of charcoal
 Cheaper
 Higher Quality
COMMUNICATION AND BANKING
1837, William Cooke & Charles Wheatstone introduced the first
telegraphy system which is then used for railroad signaling.
STOCK EXCHANGE- London, 1770
NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE- 1790
1776, Adam Smith “The Wealth of Nations”
Promoted an economic system based on free enterprise, private ownership of
means of production, lack of government interference
 TRANSPORTATION
 200 miles canals were in use
 Steam-powered locomotives  steam-powered boats and ships

INDUSTRALIZATION:
increased economic overall output and improved standard of living of
the middle and upper class, but the lower class remains poor.
Forced workers to work long hours with low wage
Leads to opposition of “Luddites”
 Ned Ludd, a young apprentice who was rumored to have wrecked a textile apparatus
in 1779.
 FLYING SHUTTLE  WATER FRAME

 SPINNING JENNY
 POWER LOOM

MADE WEAVING CLOTH MUCH EASIER

 “Taylorism” by Frederick Taylor
 For successful production and quality of management
 Scientific management was encouraged to achieve MASS
PRODUCTION.
 Cotton Gin and Interchangeable parts - Eli Whitney, 1792
 Division of labor - Adam Smith, 1776
 Every worker was allocated their own tasks that had to be repeated
constantly.
 Everyone has their own assignment and successive actions.
 Aimed at worker’s levels of knowledge and skills
 Time savings
 Increased rapidly in productivity
 Right person to the right jobs
 COTTON GIN - a machine that revolutionized the production of cotton by
greatly speeding up the process of removing seeds from cotton fiber.
 INTERCHANGEABLE PARTS–STANDARDIZED - identical parts that made for
faster assembly and easier repair of various devices.
 Making interchangeable parts practical
 Durable, reliable, and cost efficient
 Foundation which allowed mass production to become a manufacturing
reality
 Frank Gilbreth - father of motion studies
 Henry Gantt - developed the Gantt chart scheduling system and
recognized the value of non-monetary rewards for motivating
employees
 Harrington Emerson - applied Taylor’s ideas to organization structure
 Henry Ford - employed scientific management techniques to his
factories
Moving assembly line
Mass production
 This movement emphasized the importance of the human element in job
design
 Lillian Gilbreth
 Elton Mayo – Hawthorne studies on worker motivation, 1930
 Abraham Maslow – motivation theory, 1940s; hierarchy of needs, 1954
 Frederick Hertzberg – Two Factor Theory, 1959
 Douglas McGregor – Theory X and Theory Y, 1960s
 William Ouchi – Theory Z, 1981
 George Elton Mayo
 Hawthorne studies which focused on exploring the link between employee
satisfaction/ well-being and workplace productivity
 When employers focus on the need of the employees, productivity
increases
 People works best in group plus a \with effective 2-way
communication with the leaders
 F.W. Harris – mathematical model for inventory management, 1915
 Dodge, Romig, and Shewart – statistical procedures for sampling
and quality control, 1930s
 Tippett – statistical sampling theory, 1935
 Operations Research (OR) Groups – OR applications in warfare
 George Dantzig – linear programming, 1947