GROUP ACTIVITY

DIRECTION: YOU WILL BE GROUPED

INTO 5 GROUPS. AND IN 1 WHOLE
SHEET OF PAPER YOU WILL WRITE
YOUR ANSWER. YOU WILL BE GIVEN
SETS OF TEXT TO READ AND TO
EVALUATE IT. AND ANWER THESE
QUESTION…
GROUP ACTIVITY

1. WHICH OF THE TEXTS CONSIDERED AN

ACADEMIC TEXT?
2. HOW DO YOU KNOW THAT IT IS AN
ACADEMIC TEXT? EXPLAIN.
3. EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE OF IT TO THE
OTHER WRITINGS/TEXTS.
ACADEMIC WRITING
ISA PROCESS THAT STARTS WITH
POSING A QUESTION, PROBLEMATIZING
A CONCEPT, EVALUATING AN OPINION,
AND ENDS IN ANSWERING THE
QUESTIONS POSED, CLARIFYING THE
PROBLEM, AND/OR ARGUING FOR A
STAND.
 ACADEMIC WRITING
 PURPOSES

TO INFORM.
TO ARGUE A SPECIFIC POINT.
TO PERSUADE.
TO ADDRESSES A SPECIFIC
AUDIENCE.
 COMPARISON ACCORDING TO
THE AUDIENCE
ACADEMIC WRITING OTHER WRITINGS
 HAVE AN SPECIFIC TARGET  GENERAL READING.
AUDIENCE.  WRITING WITH
 WRITING WITH SET RULES PRETENTIOUS AND NO
AND PRACTICES. LIMIT OF
 INFORMATION WITH VALID INFORMATION.
AND STRONG EVIDENCE.  IT CAN IMAGENARY OR
 IT MUS BE EVALUATED AND BASED ON WHAT IS
DELIBERATED ESP. THE PRIOR KNOWLEDGE OF
RESEARCH MATERIALS THE WRITER.
WILL BE USED.
Types of Academic Writing
 Essay

Thesis Paper

Dissertation Report

Article Project
 Essay:argumentative text, usually
short (1,500 to 6,000 words).

 Research paper: longer essay

involving library research (3,000 to
6,000 words).

 Research article: an essay written

to be published in scientific
journals.
DISSERTATION
 PURPOSE
 A. informational – inform, explain, interpret
 B. presents detailed account of original research (or replication / extension of
previous research) in view of state-of-the-art

 AUTHOR’S KNOWLEDGE & SKILL

 C. author demonstrates ability to carry out theoretical and/or empirical
research that may include developing a research design, as well as
collecting, filtering, analyzing and critically interpreting data vis-à-vis
one or more research questions; author demonstrates ability to present
results in an organized, meaningful way
 D. author’s opinion/evaluation not usually overt, but may occur in
literature review
DISSERTATION

 STRUCTURE
 A. structured into predictable sections (usually with subheadings); may
include the following structural elements: abstract, introduction,
literature review, methods, results, discussion, conclusion
 B. long essay involving study and research (6,000 to 20,000 words).

 FUNCTION/S
 C. entire text serves to answer one or more research questions;
contains original data, or compiles existing data for the purpose of
providing new interpretation(s)
 Dissertation:long essay involving
study and research (6,000 to 20,000
words).

 Thesis:completed over a number of

years. Offers an original contribution
to the research area. (20,000 words).
 RESEARCH
 PURPOSE
 A. informational – inform, explain, interpret
 B. presents piece of original research (small case study or replication /
extension of previous study)

 AUTHOR’S KNOWLEDGE & SKILL

 C. author demonstrates ability to carry out theoretical and/or empirical
research that may include developing a research design, as well as collecting,
filtering, analyzing and critically interpreting data vis-à-vis one or more
research questions; author demonstrates ability to present results in an
organized, meaningful way
 D. author’s opinion/evaluation not usually overt, but may occur in literature
review
RESEARCH
 STRUCTURE
 A. structured into predictable sections (usually with subheadings); may
include the following structural elements: abstract, introduction,
literature review, methods, results, discussion, conclusion
 B. longer essay involving library research (3,000 to 6,000 words).
 shorter than dissertation / thesis; varies

 FUNCTION/S
 C. entire text serves to answer one or more research questions;
contains original data, or compiles existing data for the purpose of
providing new interpretation(s)
Research paper: longer essay involving
library research (3,000 to 6,000
words).
Research article: an essay written to
be published in scientific journals.
Research project: describes the ideas
for an investigation on a certain topic.
 READING REPORT
 PURPOSE

 A. informational – inform, describe, (assess)

 B. critically describes structure, content and significance of
published research
 AUTHOR’S KNOWLEDGE & SKILL
 C. author demonstrates ability to understand and summarize
complex text coherently
 D. author’s opinion/evaluation may be present, but is not
foregrounded and does not appear to drive text
READING REPORT
 STRUCTURE
 A. not structured into sections (no subheadings)
 B. short, approx. 600 words

 FUNCTION/S
 C.most space is devoted to description rather than
critical assessment; not driven by an original thesis
or research question
Technical report: describes
process, progress and results of
scientific research.
 SUMMARY
 PURPOSE
 A. informational – describe
 B. summarizes content of published research

 AUTHOR’S KNOWLEDGE & SKILL

 C. author demonstrates ability to understand and
summarize complex text coherently
 D. author’s opinion/evaluation absent
SUMMARY
 STRUCTURE
 A. not structured into sections (no subheadings)
 B. shorter than reading report; varies

 FUNCTION/S
 C.entirely descriptive, no critical assessment; not
driven by an original thesis or research question
 ABSTRACT
 PURPOSE
 A. informational – inform
 B. captures the essence of published research (i.e. the why, how,
and what, e.g. research focus, methodology results/findings,
conclusion and recommendations); should help reader to quickly
ascertain purpose, content and usefulness of publication

 AUTHOR’S KNOWLEDGE & SKILL

 C. author demonstrates ability to extract and provide essential
information in an exhaustive and compelling way
 D. author’s opinion/evaluation absent
ABSTRACT
 STRUCTURE
 A. not structured into sections; appears at beginning of text
it accompanies; may also occur as stand-alone entity instead
of full paper
 B. rather short (approx. 100-250 words), rarely exceeding
500 words

 FUNCTION/S
 C. self-contained piece of writing, can be understood
independently from accompanying publication
 REVIEW
 PURPOSE

 A. informational – inform, describe and evaluate/assess

 B. presents brief descriptive summary and evaluation/assessment of
effectiveness, validity, or usefulness of published research; may offer
recommendations for improvement


 AUTHOR’S KNOWLEDGE & SKILL

 C. author demonstrates ability to understand significance of publication and

to evaluate/assess its quality
REVIEW
 STRUCTURE

 A. usually not structured into sections, but may distinguish between

descriptive summary of content and evaluation (with accompanying
subheadings)
 B. varies


 FUNCTION/S

 C. driven by an evaluation of published research as to its methodology,

quality of data, findings and line of argumentation (often interwoven with
descriptive account)

 PROPOSAL
 PURPOSE
 A. informational – inform, describe, argue
 B. proposes potential study: puts forth one or more research questions that
author wishes to explore in order to further understanding of given topic;
provides information about how proposed study will be tackled
methodologically

 AUTHOR’S KNOWLEDGE & SKILL

 C. author demonstrates ability to convincingly argue for relevance,
significance and manageability of proposed study
 D. author’s opinion/evaluation not usually overt, but may occur in literature
review
PROPOSAL
 STRUCTURE
 A. may be structured into sections with subheadings; may
include the following structural elements: introduction,
literature review, research questions, proposed methodology
 B. varies

 FUNCTION/S
 C. does not present or synthesize new data, but may include
projected results; links back to relevant literature and/or
previous studies; justifies the need for and outlines methods
of data collection
RESEARCH
Basic format of an
Academic Writing
 Report

 Descriptionof process, procedure

and results of a research.

1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion
 Project

 Describes the ideas for an

investigation on a certain topic.

1. Title (hypothesis)

2. Background Analysis and

Information

3. Literature Review
4.Research Questions and Objectives

5. Significance of Project

6. Methodology

7. Timetable

8. Bibliography
Argumentative Essay

 Presents an argument through

reasoning and the use of evidence.

 Thesis statement: expresses the

researcher’s position in relation to a
given problem. It is normally stated
in the introduction of an essay.
Conclusion: restates the line
of argument, summarises the
points that support the thesis,
suggests further research.

Bibliography: sources cited in

paper listed alphabetically.
GENERALIZATION
WHAT IS AN ACADEMIC
WRITING/TEXT?
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCE OF
AN ACADEMIC TEXT TO OTHER
TEXT?
QUIZ
REREAD THE TEXTS.
EVALUATE IT AND ANSWER THE TABLE
THAT WILL BE GIVEN TO YOU.
WRITE YOUR ANSWER IN A ½ SHEET
OF PAPER.
AGREEMENT
RESEARCH AT LEAST 2 OR MORE
ACADEMIC TEXT SAMPLE/S WHICH ARE
RELATED TO YOUR SPECIALIZATION.
PASTE IT IN A FOLDER.
WILL BE PASSED NEXT MEETING.