What makes up poetry?

What is poetry?
the art of rhythmical composition, written or spoken,
for exciting pleasure by beautiful, imaginative, or
elevated thoughts.

A kind of language that says more and says more and

says it more intensely than does ordinary language.
Theme or thought content

Connotation and Denotation

Figurative Language

Imagery

Sound

Rhythm

Meter
Theme or thought content

This is the subject that the poet depicts in his piece,

which can be about anything under the sun.
Connotation and Denotation

Denotation is the literal meaning.

Connotation are words which are loaded

with emotional significances.
Examples :

WORD DENOTATION CONNOTATION

snake Animal traitor

blue Color Sad

The dress is blue Susan is very blue
Home actual building family, comfort, and
someone lives in security.
Dove Bird peace or gentility
Imagery
Imagery is the name given to the elements in a poem that spark off the
senses. Despite "image" being a synonym for "picture", images need not be
only visual; any of the five senses (sight, hearing, touch, taste, smell) can
respond to what a poet writes.
Taste: The familiar tang of his grandmother's cranberry sauce
reminded him of his youth.

Sound: The music was so loud that his ears rang for days
afterwards.

Sight: The clouds were edged with pink and gold.

Smell: After eating the curry, his breath reeked of garlic.

Touch: The tree bark was rough against her skin.

Figurative Language
refers to the color we use to amplify our writing. It takes an
ordinary statement and dresses it up in an evocative frock.
It gently alludes to something without directly stating it.

Figurative language is a way to engage your readers,

ushering them through your writing with a more creative
tone.
Alliteration: Alliteration helps writers punch points home by repeating the same
sound (usually a consonant) of the first or second letter in a series of words. It tends
to catch the reader’s eye.
“The professor praised his pupil’s flowery prose.”

Hyperbole: When a writer exaggerates something — typically in a humorous way —

it’s known as hyperbole.
“My eyes widened at the sight of the mile-high sundaes that were brought to our
table.”

Metaphor: A metaphor is a comparison between two things. They don’t necessarily

have to be alike but make a link in the reader’s mind.
“Nobody invites Edward to parties because he is a wet blanket.”
Personification: When something non-human is given human-like
qualities, this is known as personification.
“The leaves danced in the wind on the cold October afternoon.”

Simile: A simile is a direct comparison between two things, using like

or as.
“Jamie runs as fast as the wind.”

Symbolism: Symbolism occurs when something that has one meaning

is used to represent something entirely different. For example, using
an image of the American flag to represent patriotism.
Assonance: Assonance occurs when you repeat a vowel sound in a
phrase.
"True, I do like Sue."

Idiom: An idiom is an expression used by a group of people with a

meaning that can only be understood though common usage.
“I’m waiting for him to kick the bucket.”
Metonymy: Metonymy is a figure of speech where one word is
replaced with a word that’s closely associated with it. For example,
you might hear Washington used to refer to the U.S. government.

Onomatopoeia: When the name of an action imitates the sound it

makes, it’s known as an onomatopoeia.
“The bees buzz angrily when their hive is disturbed.”

Synecdoche: A synecdoche is a figure of speech using a word or

words to represent a whole. For example, if you refer to credit cards
as "plastic," you’re using a synecdoche.
Sound: Rhythm and Rhyme
Poems are to be read aloud; hence, the poet chooses words not only
for what they mean but also for how they sound. Sound brings
attention to both individual words that are drawn together through
their sound as well as to the overall feeling or experience.

What words are drawn to each other because of sound, and how
does this influence meaning? What tone do these sounds create
(quiet, loud, sensual, aggressive, etc.)?
Melody

Melody refers to sound effects, such as rhyme, alliteration, assonance,

and consonance, with each producing a unique melodic effect. Rhyme
is a type of melody, and rhymes can be perfect with identical vowel
sounds and or slant, when the sound of the final consonants is
identical, but not the vowels.
Rhythm and Meter
Rhythm. A poem's rhythm can be regular or irregular. When it has
regular rhythmical sound patterns, we say the poem has a certain
meter. The type of meter is based on the number of syllables per line
and how many unstressed (x) or stressed (/) syllables there are.

(“I WAN-dered LONE-ly AS aCLOUD“; x / x / x / x / ).

A small, distinct group of accented and unaccented word is called a foot

 Iamb: daDUM
Trochee: DUMda
Spondee: DUMDUM
Anapest: dadaDUM
Dactyl: DUMdada
Amphibrach: daDUMda
Pyrrhic: dada
Patterns of Traditional Poems
Ballad
also called literary ballad, is a long singing poem that tells a story (usually
of love or adventure), written in quatrains- a four to three feet- the third
line may have internal rhyme.

Ballade
is French in origin and made up of 28 lines, usually three stanzas of 8 lines
and a concluding stanza, called envoy, of 4 lines. The last line of each
stanza is the same and the scheme is ababbcbc and the envoy's is bcbc.
Blank Verse
is made up of unrhymed iambic pentameter lines.

Elegy
is a lyric poem written to commemorate someone who is dead.

Epigram
is a brief, pointed, and witty poem of no prescribed form.

Free Verse
has no identifiable meter, although the lines may have a rhyme-scheme.
Haiku
is an unrhymed poem of seventeen syllables derived from Japanese
verse; it is made up of three lines, lines 1 and 3 have five syllables,
line 2 has seven.
Heroic Couplet
is two lines of rhyming iambic pentameters.
Limerick
is a five-line poem in which lines 1, 2, and 5 are anapestic trimeters
and lines 3 and 4 are anapestic dimeters, rhymed as aabba. Possible
source of origin is Limerick, Ireland.
Lyric
is a poem of emotional intensity and expresses powerful feelings.
Narrative
form is used to tell a story; it is usually made of ballad stanzas - four
lines alternatively of four and three feet.
Ode
English in origin, is a poem of indefinite length, divided in 10-line
stanzas, rhymed, with different schemes for each stanza -
ababcdecde, written in iambic meter.
Parody
is a humorous imitation of a serious poem.
Quatrain
is a four-line stanza with various meters and rhyme schemes.
Sestina
consists of thirty-nine lines divided into six six-line stanzas and a three-line
concluding stanza called an envoy.
Sonnet
is a fourteen line poem. The Italian or Petrarchan has two stanzas: the first of
eight lines is called octave and has the rhyme-scheme abba abba; the second of
six lines is called the sestet and has the rhyme cdecde or cdcdcd. The Spenserian
sonnet, developed by Edmund Spenser, has three quatrains and a heroic couplet,
in iambic pentameter with rhymes ababbcbccdcdee. The English sonnet,
developed by Shakespeare, has three quatrains and a heroic couplet, in iambic
pentameter with rhymes ababcdcdefefgg.
Tercet
is a three-line stanza; when all three lines rhyme they are called a triplet.
Terza Rima
consists of interlocking three-line rhyme scheme (aba, bcb).

Villanelle
is a fixed form consisting of nineteen lines divided into six stanzas: five
tercets and a a concluding quatrain.
Rhyme
I saw a fairy in the wood,
He was dressed all in green.
He drew his sword while I just stood,
And realized I'd been seen.