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SWAMI SHRI SWAROOPANAND SARASWATI

MAHAVIDYALAYA,
HUDCO, BHILAI

SESSION – 2019-20

PRESENTATION ON
“MENDEL’S LAW OF INHERITANCE”

PRESENTED BY:- GUIDED BY:-


DEVASHISH PIPARIYA SHIRIN ANWAR
INDEX

1)AN OVERVIEW ABOUT GENETICS


2)Gregor Mendel(1822-1884)
3)WHY Pea Plant........?
4)Reproduce Sexually
5)TERMINOLOGY
6)LAW OF DOMINANCE
7)LAW OF SEGREGATION
8)LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSOTRMENT
AUSTRIAN MONK

BORN IN 1822 NEAR BRUNN IN AUSTRIA IN


POOR FAMILY

JOINED THE ST.AUGUSTINIAN MONESTRY

WAS SENT TO UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA

PRESENTED HIS FINDINGS BEFORE


NATIONAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF BRUNN IN
1965

BUT HIS FINDINGS WERE DISCARDED DUE


TO THE PREVALLING THEORIES OF
EVOLUTION
(GIVEN BY ERIC VON TSCHERMAK)

EVERY GENE HAS TWO ALLELES THAT CAN CODE FOR TRAIT.

ONE ALLELE IS DOMINANT, MEANING IT WILL ALWAYS SHOW.

ONE ALLELE IS RECESSIVE, MEANING IT WILL BE MASKED BY THE


PRESENCE OF THE DOMINANT ALLELE

Dwarf plant (tt)


F1 Tall plant (Tt)
Tall plant ( TT )
F1 Tall plant ( Tt ) F1 Tall plant ( Tt ) Tall plant ( TT ) Tall plant (Tt) Dwarf plant (tt)

However, this law was not fully accepted as due to :


• co-dominance
• incomplete dominance
• over dominance
DURING THE FORMATION OF GAMETES , THE PAIRED ALLELES
SEPARATE (SEGERATE) RANDOM SO THAT EACH GAMETE RECEIVES
ONE ALLELE OR THE OTHER.

THE TWO ALLELES OF A GENE PRESENT IN THE F1 DO NOT


CONTAMINATE EACH OTHER ; THEY SEPARATE AND PASS INTO
DIFFERENT GAMETES IN THEIR ORIGINAL FROM PRODUCING TWO
DIFFERENT TYPES OF GAMETES IN EQUAL PROPORTION.

THE PAIR OF ALLELES OF EACH PARENT SEPARATE AND ONLY ONE


ALLELE PASSES FROM EACH PARENT ON TO AN OFFSPRING.

WHICH ALLELE IN A PARENTS PAIN OF ALLELES IS INHERITED IS A


MATTER OF CHANCE .

SEGREGATION OF ALLELES OCCURS DURING THE PROCESS OF


GAMETE FORMATION

RANDOMLY UNITE AT FERTILIZER.


MENDEL EXPERIMENT, HE CROSSED
TALL AND DWARF VARIETIES OF
GARDEN PEAS

F1 PRODUCED VERY TALL.

WHEN F1 WERE SELF - FERTILIZED,


BOTH TALL AND DWARF PROGENIES
WERE PRODUCED IN F2 GENERATION
.
75%WERE TALL AND 25% WERE
DWARF

AN F2 OF 1064 , CONSISTED OF :787


TALL PLANTS AND 277 DWARFS : AN
ALMOST 3 : 1
WHEN F1 PLANTS FROM MENDALS EXPERIMENTS WERE CROSSED
BACK TO THE DWAF VERIETY HALF THE PROGENY WERE TALL AND
HALF DWAF.

THE PHENOTYPIC RATIO WAS 1:1 .

THIS FURTHER DEMONSTRATED MORE CONCLUSIVELY THE


PRINCIPAL OF SEGERATION .

PARENTS O
T F
F
S
P
R
I
N
G
t
Tt tt
This law states that member of different pairs of alleles assort independently
during the formation of gametes.

This means that traits are transmitted to offspring independently of one another.

Mendel crossed plants that differ in two pairs of alleles e.g. round green seeds
and wrinkled yellow seeds .

F1 hybrids were round and yellow seeds , as expected.

When F1 were self-fertilised , four F2 phenotypes were observed .

From a total of 556 seeds the following distribution; 315 round green ;108
round yellow; 101 wrinkled green; and 32 wrinkled yellow

This result closed a ratio of 9:3:3:1


When Mendel crossed the F1
generation obtained with the
recessive parent, four different
phenotype were obtained.

It verified the ratio in which the


different gametes of the F1
hybrid were produced.
REFERENCES

• FUNDAMENTAL OF GENETICS BY
Dr.R.P.Meyyan

https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/b
hbhatt93/the-laws-of-mendel
ThankYou

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