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Animal Cell

Plasma Membrane
• Structure :
• A bilipid membraneous layer composed of proteins and carbohydrates.it
is fluid like.
• Function
a. It seprates cell from external environment.
b. Control what gets in and out.
c. Protect the cell and provide the stability.
d. Support the cell and control the movement of materials.
e. Work as a barrier between cell
f. Maintain homeostasis
Nucleus

Structure:
The largest organelle in the cell . It is dark and round , and surrounded
by double membrane
Functions:
• The nucleus is the control center of the cell, for cell metabolism and
reproduction
• Contains genetic information on special strands called chromosomes
• Coordinates cell activity which includes growth and proteins synthesis.
Cytoplasm

Structure:
The jelly-like substance composed of mainly water and found between
the cell membrane and nucleus .The cytoplasm makes up mos of the
“body” of a cell and is constantly streaming.
Functions:
• Organelles are found here and substance like salts may be dissolved in
the cytoplasm.
• Responsible for giving shape to the cell
• Responsible for break down waste through enzyme
RIBOSOMES

Structure:
The are smallest particles which are found individually in the cytoplasm
and also line the membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Ribosomes produce proteins. They could be of thought of as factory in
the cell.

Functions:
• Ribosomes are cell structure that makes proteins which needed for
various functions such as repairing damage or directing chemical
processes.
Golgi Body/Apparatus

Structure:
Golgi bodies are stacks of flattened membranous stacks(They look like
pancakes).

Functions:
• The Golgi body temporarily stores proteins which can then leave the
cell via vesicles pinching from the Golgi.
Lysosomes

Structure:
Lysosomes are small sac-like structures surrounded by a single
membrane.(also known as suicide sac)

Functions:
• Lysosomes contains strong digestive enzymes which release can break
down worn out organelles or food.
• Engulf viruses or bacteria .
Vacoules

Structures:
Vacuoles are fluid filled organelles enclose by a membrain.
Function:
• They can store materials such as
a) Food
b) Water
c) Sugar
d) Minerals
e) Waste Products
EPR(Endoplasmic Reticulum)
Structure:
The EPR is the network of membranous canals filled with fluid.

Types:
1. Smooth EPR
2. Rough EPR

Functions:
• Place a major role in production processing and transport of proteins and lipids.
• Folding of protein molecules in sacs called cisternae.
• ;Transport synthesized protein in vesicles to the Golgi apparatus .
Mitochondria
Structure:
Mitochondria membrane bounded cell organelles that generate most of chemical energy
needed to power the cell’s biochemical reactions. Also known as power house of cell.

Main parts:
 Outer membrane
 Inter-membrane space
 Inner membrane
 Cristae
 Matrix
Mitochondria

Functions:
• Chemical energy produce by mitochondria stored in
small molecule called adenosine triphosphate(ATP).
• Main job of mitochondria is to perform cellular
respiration.
Cytoskeleton

Structure:
It is a complex, dynamic network of interlinking protein filaments present
in the cytoplasm of all cells including bacteria.

Functions:
It gives

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