CIRCULAR MOTION P H Y S I C S 1

CIRCULAR
MOTION
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What is circular motion?

- Is the movement of an object on a circular path.
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Circular motion can be classified into uniform and non-

uniform circular motion:

-An object undergoing uniform circular motion moves with a

constant speed (only the direction changes)

-An object undergoing non-uniform circular motion moves

with varying speed.
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As an object moves in a circle, its tangential velocity

changes direction. Since the velocity is changing that means the
object is accelerating. According to Newton’s second law of
motion, if there is an acceleration, there is a net force. In circular
motion, that net force is called centripetal force.
Fc = mv²
a = v²
r
r
Where:
Where :
Fc = centripetal force
a = acceleration
m = mass of the object(kg)
v = velocity
v = velocity
r = radius
r = radius
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CENTRIPETAL VS. CENTRIFUGAL

Centrifugal force (Latin for "center fleeing") describes the tendency
of an object following a curved path to fly outwards, away from the center of
the curve. It's not really a force; it results from inertia — the tendency of an
object to resist any change in its state of rest or motion.
Centripetal force ( center seeking )is a real force that counteracts the
centrifugal force and prevents the object from "flying out," keeping it moving
instead with a uniform speed along a circular path.
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Centrifugal Force Centripetal Force

Meaning Tendency of an object
following a curved path to fly
away from the center of
curvature. Might be described
as “lack of centripetal force.”
Direction Along the radius of the circle,
from the center towards the
object.
Example Mud flying off a tire; children
pushed out on a roundabout.
Formula Fc = mv2/r
Defined by
Defined by Chistiaan Hygens in 1659
Is it a real
Is it a real No; centrifugal force is the
force? inertia of motion.
Meaning
The force that keeps an object
moving with a uniform speed
along a circular path.
Along the radius of the circle,
Direction
from the object towards the
center.
Example
Satellite orbiting a planet
Formula
Fc = mv2/r
Isaac Newton in 1684
Yes; centripetal force keeps the
force?
object from "flying out".
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Angular displacement ( )
- Is defined as the angle through which an object moves
on a circular path. It is the angle, in radians, between the initial
and final positions.

=s
r
Where:
= angular displacement
s = distance travelled
r = radius of the circle
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Angular speed/velocity ( )
- the time rate of change of angular position of a rotating body,
usually expressed in radians per second or radians per minute.

= v =2 =2 f =
r T t
Where:
= is the angular speed (rad/s)
v = velocity
r = radius
T = time period (s)
2 = 360° = 1 revolution
f = frequency
t = time
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Sample problem 1:
2 = 360°

(2 ) 135°
360

=0.0174 x 135° 135° S=?

= 2.35 rad
60 m
s=r
= 60 m x 2.35 rad
= 141 m
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Sample problem 2: Pilot’s mass = 75 kg

=v v = 100 m/s
r
= 100
350
= 0.286 rad/s
r = 350 m .
F = mv²
r
F = 75x 100²
350
F = 2140 N
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