ID# Name Program

13103030 Mst. Jannatul Ara BCSE

Air pollution 2/13/2020 1

 What is air pollution?
 Major Air pollutants
 Source of pollutants
 Health effects
 How to reduce pollutants
 Conclusion

Air pollution 2/13/2020 2

Air pollution:
Air pollution is the introduction of particulates, biological
molecules or other harmful materials into the Earth's
atmosphere causing disease, death to humans, damage
to other living organisms such as food crops, or
the natural or built environment. Air pollution may come
from anthropogenic or natural sources.

Air pollution 2/13/2020 3

For each air pollutant we need to
know:
 sources: natural and man-made
 methods of reducing its emissions
 any relevant balanced symbol
equations

Air pollution 2/13/2020 4

Air pollution 2/13/2020 5
 Carbon Monoxide
•colorless, odorless
•produced when carbon does not
burn in fossil fuels
•present in car exhaust

Air pollution 2/13/2020 6

 Natural:
 atmospheric oxidation of methane
CH4 + ½ O2 = CO + 2H2
 natural forest fires

 Man-made:
 heavy traffic produces CO.

Air pollution 2/13/2020 7

 CO combines with Fe in hemoglobin in blood –
bonds 320 times stronger than oxygen –
oxygen cannot bond onto hemoglobin.
 Less oxygen supplied to body cells.
 Effects:
 headaches,
 shortness of breath,
 in case of high concentration (e.g. rush hour):
unconsciousness, death.

Air pollution 2/13/2020 8

 Sulfur Dioxide
•produced when coal and fuel oil
are burned
•present in power plant exhaust

Air pollution 2/13/2020 9

 Natural:
 volcanoes
 sea spray
 biological decay of organic matter that
contains sulphur
 reduction of sulphates
 Man-made:
 coal-burning power stations.
 roasting of metal sulphides e.g. ZnS and
Cu2S

Air pollution 2/13/2020 10

 acidic oxides
 lung irritants, affect in particular those suffering from
respiratory problems e.g. asthma sufferers
 formation of sulphuric acid; effects of aerosols:
 irritant to the eyes
 irritate vessels in lungs causing impaired breathing

Air pollution 2/13/2020 11

 Nitrogen Dioxide
•reddish, brown gas
•produced when nitric oxide
combines with oxygen in the
atmosphere
•present in car exhaust and
power plants

Air pollution 2/13/2020 12

 Natural:
 Electrical storms release enough energy to cause
oxidation of atmospheric nitrogen
 Decomposition of organic matter containing nitrogen

 Man-made: Combustion of fossil fuels in car

engines and furnaces of power stations produces
high temperatures to cause oxidation.

Air pollution 2/13/2020 13

 choking irritating gas, affects eyes and people with
respiratory problems
 forms nitric acid aerosols/acid rain.

 nitricacid also increases the rate of oxidation of SO2.

 plays an important role in the formation of secondary
pollutants e.g. ozone and smog

Air pollution 2/13/2020 14

 Particulate Matter
•particles of different sizes and
structures that are released into the
atmosphere
•present in many sources including
fossil fuels, dust, smoke, fog, etc.
•can build up in respiratory system
•aggravates heart and lung disease;
increases risk of respiratory infection

Air pollution 2/13/2020 15

 Ground Level Ozone
•at upper level, ozone shields Earth from
sun’s harmful UV rays
•at ground level, ozone is harmful pollutants
•formed from car, power and chemical plant
exhaust
•irritate respiratory system and asthma;
reduces lung function by inflaming and
damaging lining of lungs

Air pollution 2/13/2020 16

particulates = airborne/suspended liquid and solid
particles.
 Natural:
 volcanic eruptions
 large forest fires

 Man-made:
 burning fossil fuels e.g. diesel
 forest fires
 industrial emissions; chemical processes
 incinerators

Air pollution 2/13/2020 17

 particulates penetrate lungs and may block air
passages
 some are poisonous e.g. Pb and asbestos
 adsorb chemicals and can act as catalysts in
reactions producing secondary pollutants
 by adsorbing also increase concentration and
rate of reaction
 reduce visibility

Air pollution 2/13/2020 18

Air pollution 2/13/2020 19
Air pollution 2/13/2020 20
•Combination of gases with water vapor and
dust
•Combination of words smoke and fog
•Forms when heat and sunlight react
gases (photochemical smog)
•Occurs often with heavy traffic, high
temperatures

Air pollution 2/13/2020 21

Air pollution 2/13/2020 22
•1st smog related deaths were in London in
1873; death about 500 people; can we
imagine how much worse the atmosphere
is now?!
•Limits visibility
•Decreases UV radiation
•Yellow/black color over cities
•Causes respiratory problems and
bronchial related deaths

Air pollution 2/13/2020 23

Air pollution 2/13/2020 24
Air pollution 2/13/2020 25
Air pollution 2/13/2020 26
Air pollution 2/13/2020 27
Air pollution 2/13/2020 28
 Basically, there are two major sources of air
pollution in Bangladesh-
 industrial emissions:
 vehicular emissions

Air pollution 2/13/2020 29

 Air
Pollution Percentage of most Five
Industrial Sectors of Bangladesh in the Year
2010

Air pollution 2/13/2020 30

 Contribution of Vehicle Types to Emissions in
Dhaka

Air pollution 2/13/2020 31

 The air quality standards are different for
residential, industrial, commercial, and
sensitive areas. The worst affected areas in
Dhaka city include: Hatchel, Manic Mia
Avenue, Turgeon, Farm gate, Motijheel,
Lalmatia, and Mohakhali.
 Also many Report states that at peak hours
Dhaka air at Motijheel Commercial Area has
been found to contain 100 ppm of Carbon
Monoxide,

Air pollution 2/13/2020 32

An statistics show that the major air polluted areas of Bangladesh
are

Air pollution 2/13/2020 33

Air pollution 2/13/2020 34
catalytic converter in car exhaust system
reduction of nitrogen oxide
oxidation of CO and unburnt
hydrocarbons.
2CO (g) + O2 (g)  2CO2 (g)

2NO (g) + 2CO (g)  2CO2 (g) + N2 (g)

2C8H18 (g) + 25O2 (g)  16CO2 (g) + 18H2O (g)

Air pollution 2/13/2020 35

 useof “low-sulphur content” fuels or removal of
sulphur before burning coal/oil

 removalof SO2 from fumes before they are

released:
 limestone based fluidised bed
 alkaline scrubbing (wet scrubber)

Air pollution 2/13/2020 36

 catalyticconverter
 lean burn engines: high air/fuel ratio or low fuel/air
 recirculation/reburn of exhaust gases: nitrogen oxide
emissions are reduced by reintroducing exhaust gases
into the fuel mixture, lowering peak combustion
temperatures as it is the high temperature in the
combustion engine which causes nitrogen oxide
production.

Air pollution 2/13/2020 37

Electrostatic precipitator
.

Particulates are given a

negative charge and
then attracted onto
positively collection
plates

Air pollution 2/13/2020 38

•We can use bike

•We can tell our friends and family about

pollution

•Make sure our parents get pollution

checks on their cars

•Ride the school bus

Air pollution 2/13/2020 39
•Learn more; stay up to date

•Join a group to stop pollution

•Encourage our parents to carpool

to work

•Switch off lights, fan, heat, etc.

when we leave the room
Air pollution 2/13/2020 40
•Insel, Paul M. and Roth, Walton T. Core Concepts in
Health: 9th edition. McGraw Hill: Boston, 2002.
•http://edugreen.teri.in/explore/air.html
•http://www.oneworld.net/penguin/pollution/pollution_home.ht
ml
•http://www.rcc.org/oem/aqindex.html
•http://www.tnrcc.state.tx.us/air/monops/lessoms/mathlesson.
html

Air pollution 2/13/2020 41

Air pollution 2/13/2020 42
Air pollution 2/13/2020 43