Computer Network

Computer Network
 What is computer network?
 a digital telecommunications
network which allows nodes to
share resources
 it is a set of connected computers
Computer Network
 What is nodes?
 a computer that is connected on
the network
Three ways to link network devices

 Copper Cabling
 Fiber-Optic Cabling
 Wireless Connection
Three ways to link network devices

 Copper Cabling
 uses electrical signals for data
transmission
Three ways to link network devices

 Fiber-Optic Cabling
 uses fiber to transmit data as light
pulses
Three ways to link network devices

 Wireless Connection
 uses radio signals, satellite
transmissions, or infrared
technology for data transmission
6 benefits of computer networking

1. Fewer peripherals are required

2. Increased communication
capabilities
3. Prevention of file duplication
and corruption
4. Lower-cost licensing
5. Centralized administration
6. Resource conservation
Five Types of Network

1. Local-Area Network (LAN)

2. Wide-Area Network (WAN)
3. Wireless-Area Network (WLAN)
4. Peer-to-peer Network
5. Client/Server Network
Five Types of Network

 Local-Area Network (LAN)

 it is a group of interconnected
devices under a single
administrative control group that
governs the security and access
control policies enforce on
the network
Five Types of Network

 Local-Area Network (LAN)

 is a computer network that
interconnects computers within a
limited area such as a residence,
school, laboratory, university
campus or office building.
Five Types of Network

 Wide-Area Network (WAN)

 is a network that connects two or
more local-area networks, which
are in geographically separated
locations, through the use of
Telecommunication Service
Providers (TSP)
Five Types of Network

 Wireless Local-Area Network

(WLAN)
 is a local network that uses
wireless devices to send and
received data through radio waves
Five Types of Network

 Peer-to-peer Network
 It is a type of network where the
hosts are directly connected to one
another without the use of any
networking devices.
 It is preferred for a network
with 10 or less number of
hosts.
Five Types of Network
 Peer-to-peer Network
 Disadvantages:
 Absence of a centralized network
administration
 Absence of a centralized security
 Management becomes difficult as the
number of host increase
 Absence of a centralized
data storage
Five Types of Network

 Client/Server Network
 It is a network where the server
manages data transmission and
the client would have to first make
a request from the server when
data is required.
Five Types of Network

 Client/Server Network
 The network administrators
maintain the servers, implement
the data back-ups and security
measures, and control the user’s
access to network resources
Basic Network Concepts
and Technician
Five Commonly used Networking
concepts and Technologies
 Bandwidth and Data Transmission
 IP Addressing
 Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol (DHCP)
 Internet Protocols and
Applications
 Internet Control Message
Protocol (ICMP)
1. Bandwidth and Data Transmission

 It is the amount of data transmitted

within a fixed period of time. Data
sent over a network is broken down
into small parts called packets, each
of which contains a header.
1. Bandwidth and Data Transmission

 Each header contains Information

regarding the packet’s source,
destination and a descriptive set of
instructions on how the packets
could be put back together.
1. Bandwidth and Data Transmission

 Bandwidth is measured in bits per second

 ex:
 bps – bits per second
 Kbps – Kilobits per second
 Mbps – Megabits per seconds
 Note: Byte differs from bit
 1 byte = 8 bits
 Byte is abbreviated by capital
letter B;
bits is abbreviated by the lower case letter b
1. Bandwidth and Data Transmission

 Three modes of data transmission

1. Simplex
2. Half Duplex
3. Full Duplex
Bandwidth and Data Transmission

1. Simplex
 is a single one-way transmission
that is sometimes referred to as
unidirectional
 ex: TV and radio broadcasting
1. Bandwidth and Data Transmission

2. Half Duplex
 a two-way alternating transmission
of data in just one direction at a time
 ex: walkie-talkie
1. Bandwidth and Data Transmission

3. Full Duplex
 a two-way simultaneous
transmission, where the bandwidth
is measured in only one direction
 ex: telephone
2. IP Addressing

 What is IP Address?
 Network IP address is used to
identify a host in a network
 The number used to identify a
device network is called IP address.
2. IP Addressing

 A unique IP Address is given to

each device in the network in order
for the network devices to
communicate with each other
2. IP Addressing

 Five classes of IP addresses

1. Class A – used for large network
2. Class B – medium-sized network
3. Class C – small networks
4. Class D - multicasting
5. Class E - experimental
2. IP Addressing

 Class A – 255.0.0.0
 the first octet is the network portion
 networks are mega monster
networks with up to 224 nodes to 16
million plus
2. IP Addressing

 Class B – 255.255.0.0
 the first two octets are the network
portion
 networks are smaller networks in
comparison they can have only
about 65,000 nodes!
2. IP Addressing

 Class C – 255.255.255.0
 the first three octets are the
network portion
 these are the baby networks that
can have only 254 nodes at the
maximum
2. IP Addressing

Private Subnet Address

Class
Networks Mask Range
10.0.0.0 -
A 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0
10.255.255.255
255.240.0. 172.16.0.0 -
B 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.0.0
0 172.31.255.255
255.255.0. 192.168.0.0 -
C 192.168.0.0
0 192.168.255.255
3. Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol (DHCP)

 is a protocol for assigning dynamic

IP addresses to devices on a
network
 automatically assign an IP address
to each host
IP and Applications

 is the principal set (or

communications protocol) of digital
message formats and rules for
exchanging messages between
computers across a single network
or a series of interconnected
networks
IP and Applications

 Five main functions of the protocols

1. Error identification
2. Data compressing
3. Data addressing
4. Deciding how the data is to be sent
5. Deciding how the sent and
received data would be announced
IP and Applications

 Eleven Commonly Used Internet

Protocols
1. TCP/IP
2. IPX/SPX
3. NetBEUI
4. AppleTalk
5. HTTP
6. FTP
IP and Applications

 Eleven Commonly Used Internet

Protocols
7. SSH
8. Telnet
9. POP3
10. IMAP
11. SMTP
1. TCP/IP

 stands for Transmission Control

Protocol/Internet Protocol
 this protocol suite is the dominant
standard for internet–working and
represents a set of public standards
2. IPX/SPX

 stands for Internetwork Packet

Exchange/Sequenced Packet
Exchange
 this protocol suite delivers similar
functions as the TCP/IP
 it is primarily used on networks
using the Novell NetWare
operating systems
3. NetBEUI

 stands for NetBIOS Extended User

Interface
 it is primarily used on small
Windows NT and cannot be routed
or used by routers
 it is suitable for peer-to-peer
networks
4. AppleTalk

 this protocol suite is used for

Macintosh Computers
 it consist of an inclusive set of
protocols that span the seven layers
of OSI reference model.
5. HTTP

 stands for Hypertext Transfer

Protocol
 this protocol suite governs how files
are exchanged on the world wide
web (www).
6. FTP

 stands for File Transfer Protocol

 this protocol suite for file transfer
and manipulation
 it also allows remote file systems to
have multiple simultaneous
connections
7. SSH

 stands for Secure Shell

 this protocol suite is used for
secure connectivity to a remote
computer
 it is a method for secure remote
login from one computer
to another
8. Telnet

 means "Network Virtual Terminal

Protocol“
 protocol used to achieve connectivity
between a remote computer that
lacks security features and other
computers
9. POP3

 stands for Post Office Protocol

 it is used in order to be able to
download emails from a remote mail
server
10. IMAP

 stands for Internet Message Access

Protocol
 this protocol suite has the same
functions as that of the POP3
11. SMTP

 stands for Simple Mail Transfer

Protocol
 this protocol suite enables the user
to send an e-mail to a remote server
That’s all for Internet Protocol
Five Commonly used Networking
concepts and Technologies
 Bandwidth and Data Transmission
 IP Addressing
 Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol (DHCP)
 Internet Protocols and
Applications
 Internet Control Message
Protocol (ICMP)
5. ICMP

 stands for Internet Control Message

Protocol
 is a supporting protocol in the
Internet protocol suite
 used by the network to send control
and error messages to hosts
and servers