• Current: flow of electrical charges

(electrons) within a conductor or how fast

charge is moving.
• The symbol I indicates the electric current,
and q shows that the electric current is
directly proportional to the amount of
charges that pass through a conductor for
every unit of time, t.
• The unit for current is coulomb per
Second (C/s) or Ampere (A)
• I = q/t
• French physicist and
mathematician.
• One of the main discoverers
of electromagnetism.
• SI unit of measurement of
electric current, the ampere,
is named after him.
1. Compute the current produced by a
6.5 x10-18 C charge flowing in 15s.
Answer: 4.33 x10-19A
2. A steady current of 0.6 A flows
through a wire. How much charge passes
through the wire in 1 minute?
Answer: 36 C
• It is a not a force. Instead it is a potential
energy given to unit to make it flow through
a conductor or around a complete circuit. It
acts like a charge pump that cause charges
to flow through a circuit. As measurable
quantity, EMF is measured using the unit volt
(V).
• Electromotive force is what the
voltage source provides to a circuit.
It is the push given to the electric
charges for them to flow from
the source.
• Voltage: the charge (electron) “pusher.” Voltage
causes current to flow/move.
• Voltage sources:
• Battery
• Generator
• Outlets
• Symbol for voltage = V
• Unit for voltage = Volts (V)
• Italian physicist
• known especially for the
invention of the
electrochemical cell, aka
the battery in 1800.
• Power utilities use large generators to provide the
120V that is delivered to your home outlets.

• When you plug in something to the outlet (lamp,

blow dryer, TV, etc) the voltage is applied across
the circuit, allowing the charge to flow (electric
current).
• The unit for current is coulomb per
Second (C/s) or Ampere (A)
• I = q/t
• Resistance: opposes the push from the
voltage source. Resistance affects the speed
of the current.

• Symbol for Resistance = R

• Unit for Resistance = Ohms (Ώ)
• German physicist
• Ohm determined that there is a
direct proportionality between
the voltage applied across a
conductor and the electric
current.
• This relationship is known as
Ohm's law.
• If the voltage in a circuit increases, the current
will increase.
• If the voltage in a circuit decreases, the current
will decrease.
• This is a direct/proportional relationship.
• If the resistance in a circuit increases, the
current will decrease.
• If the resistance in a circuit decreases, the
current will increase.
• This is an inversely proportional
relationship.
• State the relationship between current,
voltage, and resistance.
• German physicist George Ohm had the law
named after him, because of his extensive
research.
 Voltage is equal to the current multiplied by
the resistance.
Current, measured
Voltage, in Amps, A
measured in
Volts, V

V=IR Resistance,
measured in
Ohms, Ω
• If you want to find Voltage in Volts:
V = IR
If I= 2 A and R = 5 Ohms
Then, V= (2A)(5Ω) = 10 V
• If you want to find Resistance in
Ohm’s:
R=V/I
If V = 9 Volts and I = 4 A
Then R = 9 V/ 4A = 2.25 Ω
• If you want to find Current in Amps:
I=V/R
If V= 140 V and R = 2Ω
Then, I = 140V/ 2Ω = 70 A
• Electrical conductor – is any material
that allows the free flow of electric
current.
• Electrical resistivity – is an intrinsic
property of the material that describes
how it resists the electric current flowing
through it.
• Electrical conductivity – the
counterpart of electrical resistivity.
• Electric circuit – is the pathway for the
current to move to and from the source
and the appliance.
• Open circuits – where there is a gap in
a circuit and the current cannot flow.
• Closed circuit – it allow the current to
flow from the source of the current to
the load where the current is needed.
• Schematic diagrams – make it easy to
draw circuits.
• Basic Components of electric circuits
wire battery light bulb
Switch –open power pack
Switch –closed ammeter
Resistor voltmeter
Single cell fuse
• Resistor – is an electronic component
used to provide a specific amount of
resistance. It can be considered as a
load
• Types of Circuits:
• A. Series Circuit

B. Parallel Circuit: