LUBRICATION MODEL IN FORGING PROCESS

MEPECO2

NIMESH KUMAR SINGH(2019PPE6007)

RIYA SHARMA(2019PPE6008)
INTRODUCTION
 lubrication are used in hot metal working such as forging
industry. Proper selection of lubricant spray and cooling
helps increase die life, improve part quality, protect
operation environment, minimize waste, and enhance overall
productivity.
 A Forging lubricant is a chemical compound that has a
formulation that makes possible the forging process to be
carried out within the limits and parameters considered .
BENEFITS WHEN FORGING
LUBRICANTS ARE USED
 LUBRICATE (reduce the friction metal to metal thus
allowing metal flow to occur in a smooth and controlled
way.)
 RELEASE (makes possible the removal of the forged part
from the die.)
 COOLING (remove undesirable heat from dies)
 PROTECT (protect and as a consequence extend the die life)
USUAL TYPE OF FORGING LUBRICANTS
 Graphite in water dispersion
 Graphite in oil dispersions.
 Synthetic compounds based on organic salts.
 Solid lubricants dispersions based on Mos2, boron nitride,
glass.
HOW SHOULD FORGING LUBRICANT
ACT
 In first place forming a bonded film over the working die
surface.
 Secondly imparting to a die surface reduced friction
coefficient able to promote a smooth metal flow.
 In third place imparting cooling properties.
 In fourth place not generating build ups on the die surface.
IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF GRAPHITE
 Geometry of the particles : the carbon atoms are strongly
bonded together in sheets. Because the bonds between sheets
are weak, graphite shows lower shearing strength under
friction force.
 The low friction of graphite is not based solely on its crystal
structure; it also depends on adsorbed films, particularly of
water vapor, which provide surfaces with low cohesion. The
adsorption of water reduces the bonding energy between the
hexagonal planes of the graphite to a lower level than the
adhesion energy between a substrate and the graphite.
 The adsorption of water reduces the bonding energy between
the hexagonal planes of the graphite to a lower level than the
adhesion energy between a substrate and the graphite.
WORKING TEMPERATURE OF THE
FORGING LUBRICANT.

 To perform within the accepted parameters the forging

lubricant has to function at temperatures between 200 and
300 degree centigrade.
 In an oxidative atmosphere graphite is effective at high
temperatures up to 450ºC continuously and can withstand
much higher temperature peaks in the short time. The
thermal conductivity of graphite is generally low 1.3 W/m K
at 40ºC.
TRENDS IN LUBRICATION
 Application of the lubricant in the way of a spray atomization
to make possible to penetrate the thermal barrier
surrounding dies and simultaneously lubricate and cool the
dies.
 Another major advantage of spray cooling is that much higher
heat fluxes can be achieved when a large number of tiny
(mean diameters range from 1-100 microns) droplets that
completely blanket the heated surface. It provides uniformity
and stable coverage in the heat removal process.
CONCLUSION
 In the forging process, heat transfer and friction between tool
and part, consistency of friction from part to part, and
consistency of tool temperature all affect not only the part
quality and part tolerances, but also tool life, and hence
operating efficiency and operating costs.
 The research of lubrication modeling in hot metal working is
to study andthe optimal design of cooling rate