Verb | Adverbs |

Adjective |
Interjections!
 VERB
• A verb is a word that shows action or links a
subject to another word in a sentence.
• Take note that the verb is always found in the
predicate of a sentence.
• There are different types of verbs. These are
the following:
– Regular Verbs - Transitive Verbs
– Irregular Verbs - Intransitive Verbs
– Linking Verbs - Emphatic Verbs
– Helping Verbs
 I. REGULAR VERBS
• A regular verb is one that follows the usual
rule for forming its simple past tense and its
past participle. In english, the “usual” rule is
to add –d or –ed to the base for of the verb
to create the past forms.

Examples:
 ENJOY + ed = ENJOYED
 PUNCH + ed = PUNCHED
 LOVE+ d = LOVED
 MOVE + d = MOVED
 II. IRREGULAR VERBS
• An irregular verb is a verb in which the past
tense is NOT formed by adding the usual –ed
or –d ending.
Examples:
 TEACH becomes TAUGHT - TAUGHT
 MAKE becomes MADE - MADE
 TREAD becomes TROD - TRODDEN
 MISTAKE becomes MISTOOK/MISTAKEN
 RUN becomes RAN – RUN
 RID becomes RID – RID
 UNDO becomes UNDID - UNDONE
 III. LINKING VERBS
• Linking verbs are verbs that serve as a connection between a
subject and further information about that subject. They do not show
any action; rather, they “link” the subject with the rest of the
sentence. Common examples are am, is, was, were will be, was
being, has been.

• Includes linking verbs relating to the 5 senses (look, feel, smell,

sound and taste)

Examples:
 She is a nurse. (Noun)
 The moon is in the outer space. (Prepositional Phrase)
 I have become tired of your approach in dancing, (adjective)
 Mark Anthony seems like a handsome person. (adjective and
noun)
 IV. HELPING VERBS
• Just as the name implies, the helping verbs,
sometimes called auxiliary verbs, help out the main
verb in a sentence. They accomplish this by giving
more detail to how time is portrayed in a sentence.
• There are 2 types: AUXILIARY and MODALS.

For auxiliary,
- To be: am, is, are, was, were, be, been
- To have: have, has, had
- To do: do, does, did

EXAMPLES:
– I am having another piece of pizza.
– Rey did create a wonderful masterpiece.
 IV. HELPING VERBS
• Helping verbs that perform other specific tasks to
further modify the action or meaning of the main verb
are called modal verbs. Modal verbs do not change
form. They are the following: Can, could, may, might,
will, would, shall, should, must, ought to

• Modal verbs help to show ability, possibility, request,

suggestion, necessity, or obligation.

EXAMPLES:
– When it’s your time, you must go.
– I may be late for the meeting.
– Would you mind if I stay for a while?
– You should go home now.
 V. TRANSITIVE VERBS
• A transitive verb is one that only makes
sense if it exerts its action on an object. The
verb needs to transfer its action to something
or someone—an object. In essence,
transitive means “to affect something else.”

EXAMPLES:
- Kharra brought coffee.
T.V. Object
- Zyra threw the ball.
T.V. Object
 VII. INTRANSITIVE VERBS
• An intransitive verb is the opposite of
a transitive verb: it does not require an
object to act upon.

EXAMPLES:
- They jumped.
- The dog ran.
- She sang.
 VI. EMPHATIC VERBS
• The emphatic verbs are often used to give
greater emphasis to the idea expressed by
the verb. The auxiliaries do, does, and did
are used to give additional emphasis. These
are used in only 2 tenses—the past tense
and the present tense.

EXAMPLES:
- I do hope the plane is on time. (present
emphatic)
- Rica does have a plane to catch. (present
emphatic)
- He did miss the plane the last time because of a
late train. (past emphatic)
 ADVERB
These are words used to modify a verb, an
adjective, another adverb, or even a whole
sentence.

It has 5 types: adverb of manner, time, degree,

place, and frequency.
 ADVERBS
• These are words used to modify a verb,
an adjective, another adverb, or even a
whole sentence.

EXAMPLES:
- He ran badly.
- Mark is very tall.
- The race finished too quickly.
- Fortunately, Lucy recorded Tom’s win.
 Adverb of Manner
• Adverbs of manner provides more
information about how a verb is done.
Adverbs of manner are probably the most
common of all adverbs. They’re easy to spot
too. Most of them will end in –ly, such as
neatly, slowly, quickly, sadly, calmly, loudly,
politely, kindly, lazily, etc. ***

EXAMPLES:
- A fat orange cat rested lazily on the sofa.
- She ran the entire oval quickly.
- I politely opened the door as my grandmother
stepped out of the car. ***
 Adverb of Time
• An adverb of time provides more information about
when a verb takes place. Adverbs of time are
usually placed at the beginning or end of a
sentence. ***
• Some examples are never, lately, always, recently,
yesterday, during, soon, sometimes, usually, so
far, etc.
• “When?”

EXAMPLES:
- Mitch went to our house yesterday.
- We recently bought a new car.
- I saw Sally today. ***
 Adverb of Place
• Adverbs of place illustrates where the verb is
happening. It’s usually placed after the main
verb or object, or at the end of the sentence.
Some examples include here, there,
nowhere, everywhere, out, in, above, below,
inside, outside, into, etc. It answers the
question “Where?”

EXAMPLES:
- The boys are playing upstairs.
- The dog is in the garden.
- We’re going to New York City on our school trip.
 Adverb of Degree
• Adverbs of degree explains the level or
intensity of a verb, adjective, or even
another adverb. Examples are almost,
quite, nearly, too, enough, just, really,
simply, so, etc.

EXAMPLES:
- They’re happy --- They’re extremely happy.
- I hate travelling by plane --- I really hate
travelling by plane.
- He’s always late --- He’s almost always late.
 Adverb of Frequency
• Adverbs of frequency explain how often the
verb occurs. They’re often placed directly
before the main verb of a sentence. Some of
the examples are never, always, rarely,
sometimes, normally, seldom, usually, again
• “How frequent?”

EXAMPLES:
- I rarely eat fast food these days.
- He usually takes his dog for a week before
breakfast.
- They always go to the same restaurant every
ADJECTIVE
Adjectives are words that are used to
describe or modify nouns or pronouns.
There are several types of adjectives that
every English language learner must know.
 I. Descriptive
• A descriptive adjective is what you
probably think of when you hear the word
“adjective”. Descriptive adjectives are
used to describe nouns and pronouns.

Examples:
- Our professor is beautiful and
smart.
- The students are too noisy.
 II. Quantitative
• A descriptive adjective describes the
quantity of something. In other words, they
answer the question “how much?’’ or “how
many?” Numbers like one and thirty are
this type of adjective. So are more general
words like many, half, and a lot.

Examples:
- I only have one daughter.
- Oh yes, I want many children!
 III. Demonstrative
• A demonstrative adjective describes “which” noun
or pronoun you’re referring to. These include
words such as:

THIS – used to refer a singular noun close to you.

THAT – used to refer a singular noun far from you
THESE – used to refer a plural noun close to you.
THOSE – used to refer a plural noun far from you.

Examples:
- This bicycle is mine.
- That phone used to be mine until I sold it.
- These are flowers.
 IV. Possessive
• A possessive adjective shows possession. They describe a
thing to whom it belongs. Some of the most common
possessives include:

MY– belonging to me THEIR – belonging

to them
HIS– belonging to him YOUR – belonging to you
HER– belonging to her OUR – belonging to us

Examples:
- That is my pen.
- Our bird is noisy.
 V. Interrogative
• INTERROGATE, means they ask a question. These are
adjectives followed by a noun or pronoun, and are used to
form questions. The interrogative adjectives are:

Which – asks to make a choice between options

What – asks to make a choice
Whose – asks to whom something belongs to.

Examples:
- What pet do you want to get?
- Whose child is this?
- Which song will you play on your wedding day?
INTERJECTIO
NS!
Interjections are words used to express strong
feeling or sudden emotion. They are included in
a sentence (usually at the start) to express a
sentiment such as surprise, disgust, joy,
excitement, or enthusiasm.
An interjection is not grammatically related to
any other part of the sentence.
 INTERJECTIONS
I. Yes and No - Expressions such as yes, no, indeed, and well are often used
as interjections.

Examples:
Indeed, this is not the first time the stand has collapsed.
Yes, I do intend to cover the bet.

II. One-word interjections - Some interjections are sounds.

Examples:
Humph! I knew that last week. ***
Mmmm, my compliments to the chef. ***
Phew! I am not trying that again. ***

III. Multi-word Interjections - Some interjections are more than one word. ***
Examples:
Oh, really? I doubt that. Holy Moly! She won.