Volcanic Hazards

ALWAYS FIRST ALWAYS READY ALWAYS THERE

 VOLCANIC ERUPTION
Mt. Pinatubo
eruption, June
1991. The
biggest volcanic
eruption of the
century
800 dead; P10.6
B damage
 VOLCANOES IN THE PHILIPPINES
Active, Inactive and
Potentially Active
Volcanoes of the
Philippines
• more than 300 volcanoes
• 23 considered active
(with recorded eruption
or latest eruption <10000
years)
• 26 potentially active
• 278 inactive
 Active Volcanoes in the Philippines
Name No. of Date of Last LAT/LONG Location
Eruptions Eruption
Mayon  49 2009 13° 15.4'/123° 41.1' Albay, Bicol Region, Luzon

Taal  33 1977 14° 00'/121° 00' Batangas, Luzon

Kanlaon  26 2006 10° 24.7/123° 7.9' Negros Occidental, Visayas

Bulusan  16 2006-2007 12° 47'/124° 03' Sorsogon, Bicol Region, Luzon

Ragang 7 1916 7° 41.5/124° 30.3' Bukidnon, Mindanao
Smith 5 1924 19° 32.5/121° 55' Cagayan, Northern Luzon
Hibok-Hibok  5 1949-1953 9° 12.2/124° 40.4 Camiguin Island, Mindanao
Didicas 6 1978 19° 05'/122° 12' Cagayan, Northern Luzon
Pinatubo  2 1991-1992 15° 08'/120° 21' Pampanga, Zambales & Tarlac,
Luzon
Babuyan Claro 4 1917 19° 31.5'/121° 57' Cagayan, Northern Luzon
Bud Dajo 2 1897 5° 59'/121° 13' Sulu, Mindanao
Camiguin de Babuyanes 1 1857 18° 50'/121° 52' Cagayan, Northern Luzon
Cagua 2 1907 18° 13'/122° 07' Cagayan, Northern Luzon
Banahao  1 ?1730 14° 04'/121° 29' Laguna & Quezon Province,
Luzon
Calayo (Musuan) 1 1866 7° 52'/125° 4.4' Bukidnon, Mindanao
Iraya 1 1454 20° 29'/122° 01' Batanes Island, Northern Luzon
Iriga 1 1628 13° 28'/123° 28' Camarines Sur, Bicol Region,
Luzon
Biliran 1 1939 11° 37'/124° 30' Leyte, Visayas
Matutum  1 1911 6° 22'/124° 04' South Cotabato, Mindanao

Parker  1 1641 6° 6.8'/124° 53.5' South Cotabato, Mindanao

Makaturing 7 1882 7° 38.5'/124° 19' Lanao, Mindanao
Leonard 1 1,800 Bp 7° 4.5'/126° 4' Davao, Mindanao
Cabalian 1 135 Bp 10° 16.5'/125°12.5' San Juan, Leyte
Lava flows rarely threaten VOLCANIC HAZARDS
human life because lava LAVA FLOW
usually moves slowly.
Major hazards of lava flows
-- burying, crushing,
covering, burning
everything in their path.
Lava flows can dam rivers to
form lakes that might
overflow and break their
dams causing floods.
 VOLCANIC HAZARDS
VOLCANIC GASES

Magma is molten
rock containing
dissolved gases that
are released to the
atmosphere during
an eruption.
Sulfur compounds, chlorine VOLCANIC HAZARDS
and fluorine react with VOLCANIC GASES
water to form poisonous
acids. The acids can destroy
vegetation, fabrics and
metals.
Atmospheric veils of dust or
acid aerosols caused by
large-volume explosive
eruptions can effect
regional or global climate.
 VOLCANIC HAZARDS
PYROCLASTIC FLOW
Pyroclastic density
currents are rapidly
moving mixtures of
rock fragments and
hot gases. This
mixture forms a dense
fluid that moves along
the ground.
 VOLCANIC HAZARDS
PYROCLASTIC FLOW
Pyroclastic flows and
surges are potentially
highly destructive owing
to their mass, high
temperature, high velocity
and great mobility. Deadly
effects include
asphyxiation, burial,
incineration and crushing
from impacts.
 VOLCANIC HAZARDS
TEPHRA FALLS AND BALLISTIC PROJECTILES
Tephra refers to
volcanic rock and lava
materials that are
ejected into the air by
explosions or carried
upward by eruption
column’s hot gases or
lava fountains.
 VOLCANIC HAZARDS
TEPHRA FALLS AND BALLISTIC PROJECTILES
Tephra fall and ballistic
projectiles endanger life and
property by :
• impact of falling fragments
• loss of agricultural lands
• producing suspensions of
particles in air and water
• carrying of noxious gases,
acids, salts, and, close to
the vent, heat.
 VOLCANIC HAZARDS
LAHARS
Lahars are debris flows that
are composed of mixtures
of water and particles of all
sizes from clay-size to
gigantic boulders.
Debris flows have the
viscous consistency of wet
concrete, and there is a
complete transition to
watery floods.
 VOLCANIC HAZARDS
VOLCANIC DEBRIS AVALANCHES
Volcanic debris avalanches
are landslides that occur in
volcanic slopes. Debris
avalanches are faster and
their deposits more far-
reaching.
Debris falling to the sea
may generate tsunami
End of Module