RIZAL IN EUROPE

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PACIANO PASSPORT
UNCLE
“JUAN
Older brother ANTONIO
of Rizal. MERCADO”
May 3, 1882
Rizal departed on board Spanish steamer Salvadora bound
for Singapore.
MAY 9, HOTEL DE LA PAZ

MAY 11, DJEMNAH

MAY 17, POINT GALLE
SUEZ CANAL

JUNE 11, NAPLES

BARCELONA

CALLE DE SAN PABLO

 AMOR PATRIO
LAONG LAON

BASILIO TEODORO MORAN

CIRCULO ME PIDEN VERSOS
RIZAL AS A
MASON

Report by: Francis Paras Tayag

In spain, Rizal came in close contact with prominent
Spanish liberal and republican Spaniards, who were
mostly masons.

He was impressed by the way of Spanish masons

openly and freely criticized the government policies
and lambasted the friars.
 (1834-1917)

Propesor ng
kasaysayan sa
Universidad de
Madrid
• March 1883 – Rizal joined the
Masonic lodge acacia in Madrid
• November 15, 1890 – Rizal
transferred to lodge solidaridad.

■ February 15, 1892 – Rizal awarded the

diploma as Master mason by Le Grand
Orient de France in Paris.
FINANCIAL WORRIES
■ After rizal’s departure for spain, things turned from bad to worse in
calamba because the harvests of rice and sugarcane failed on account of
drought and locusts. On top of this, the manager of the hacienda
increased the rentals of the lands cultivated by the Rizal family.

■ Because of this, Rizal’s monthly allowances in Madrid arrived late and

there were times when they never arrived which caused him much
suffering. At one time his pony was sold by paciano to give him money.

■ June 24, 1884 (Read your lecture)

Rizal in paris
■ At the age of 24, rizal became a full surgeon, he went to paris to specialize
in ophthalmology so he could operate on his mother, whose eyesight is
failing.

Friend of Rizal in Barcelona, a

medical student who was from a
rich family in San Miguel, Bulacan.
• Eusebio Corominas, Editor of the newspaper La
Publicidad and made a crayon sketch of Don Miguel
Morayta, owner of the La Publicidad and a statesman
• November 1885 – Rizal was living the in
Paris, where he sojourned for about 4
months. He worked as an assistant to Dr.
Louis de Weckert, leading French
ophthalmologist.

■ November 1885 – February 1886

Rizal learned as fast as he could the
technique of eye operations, paying
special attention to cataract operation.
■ After his work hours, Rizal visited his friends. At the studio of Juan Luna, he spent many
hours trying to improve his talent in painting. He also helped Luna by posing as a model in
several of his paintings, including as an Egyptian priest in The Death of Cleopatra and as
Sikatuna in the Blood compact, with Trinidad Pardo de Tavera posing as legazpi.
The Death of Cleopatra and as Sikatuna
Rizal in heildelberg
■ 1886 – Rizal arrived in Heildelberg. He lives in a boarding house
with some German Law Students. Discovered that Rizal was good
chess player.
■ Made him a member of the chess Player’s Club.
■ He became popular among the german students because he
joined them in their chess games, beer drinking and watch their
friendly saber duels.
■ After few days later, he worked at the University Eye
Hospital.
■ Under the diection of Dr. Otto Becker
■ In a letter to his parents, he said:
“IN GERMANY, I SEE ONLY MILITAISM, AND THERE ARE POTATOES EVERYWHERE. AT
NIGHT, I EAT POTATOES AND COLD MEAT.

■ February 14, 1886 – Rizal visited the interior of the famous castle in Heidelberg.
He also wrote a letter to his sister, Trinidad, where he described the characteristics
of German girls.
RIZAL’S TRIP TO
WILHELMSFELD
 Rizal left Heidelberg for Wilhemsfeld to honor the
invitation extended to him by Rev. Karl Ullmer,
who became his good friend and admirer. Rizal’s
pleasant personality and talents in languages and
sketching endeared him to the pastor’s wife who
was a good cook and two children Etta(daughter)
and Friedrich or Fritz (son). Rizal then spent his
three-month summer vacation here, a small town
near Heidelberg. He studied the German country
life and practiced speaking good German with the
Ullmer family. In June 25, 1886, though, Rizal
returned to Heidelberg carrying with him the
memories of the Ullmer friendship and hospitality.
 The house where Rizal stayed for around 3
months in Wilhelmsfeld, Germany in 1886. He
finished writing the Noli me tangere here. He
stayed with the Protestant pastor Karl Ullmer
and his family.
 Pastor Karl Ullmer
FIRST LETTER TO BLUMENTRITT
 July 31, 1886, Rizal wrote his first letter in
German to Professor Ferdinand Blumentritt,
Director of the Leitmeritz, Austria.
 His letter impressed Blumentritt who
reciprocated by sending Rizal a gift of two
books. This started their long and frequent
correspondence and also their friendship
which lasted all their lives.
 A total of 59 well-preserved letters between
the two had been found and are presently
under the safekeeping of the National
Historical Commission of the Philippines.
 Blumentritt called Rizal not only “The
greatest Filipino” but also “The greatest of
the Malayan race”.
Professor Ferdinand Blumentritt
RIZAL IN LEIPZIG
 In Leipzig, Rizal attended lectures on history and
psychology at the University of Leipzig. He became a
friend of Prof. Ratzel, a famous German historian, and
of Dr. Hans Meyer, a German anthropologist. Professor
Ratzel wrote the following to Dr. Jose Rizal: “Rizal has
accumulated the wisdom of three continents and has
acquired the vast scientific horizon that he needed to
determine the true conditions of his country and to
plan his intellectual development.”
 Also in Leipzig, Rizal translated
Schiller’s William Tell from German to
Tagalog so that the Filipinos would
know the story of that champion of
Swiss independence. He also
translated Hans Christian Andersen’s
fairy tales into tagalog for his nephews
and nieces.
 He found out that the cost of living ing
Leipzig was cheaper in Europe so he
stayed 2 ½ months. He corrected some
chapters of his second novel and had
his daily exercise at the gym. He also
worked as a proof-reader in publisher’s
firm to earn some money.
RIZAL IN DRESDEN
Dresden 1886 Palacio Japones
Adolf Meyer - Psychiatrist in chief of the Johns Hopkins Hospital
RIZAL IN BERLIN
Dr. Feodor Jagor - German anthropologist and author of
Travels in the Philippines
Dr. Rudolf Virchow - German anthropologist and professor of
Descriptive Anatomy
Dr. Wilhelm Joest – a German Geographer
Dr. Karl Ernest Schweigger - a German Ophthalmologist
Madame Lucy Cordole – French professor
March 11, 1886 Rizal wrote letter to his sister Trinidad
RIZALS DARKEST
WINTER
■ Winter in Berlin 1886
■ He lived in poverty
■ No money arrived from Calamba
■ Flat Broke
■ The ring which her sister, Saturnina, gave was in pawnshop.
■ He could not pay his landlord
■ He only eat one meal a day
■ His clothes were old and threadbare.
■ His health broke down due to lack of nourishment and he feared that he will have
tuberculosis.

It was memorable for Rizal because of two reasons.

■ It was painful episode for he was hungry, sick and despondent in a strange city.
■ It brought him great joy after enduring so much sufferings, because his first novel, Noli Me
Tangere came off the press in March, 1887
Noli Me tangere Published in Berlin
■ Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin – portrayed the brutalities of American slve-owners
and the pathetic conditions of the Negro slaves. This novel inspired Dr. Jose Rizal to prepare a
novel that would depict the miseries of his people under the lash of Spanish tyrants.
■ January 2,1884 – in a reunion of Filipinos in the Paterno residence in Madrid, Rizal proposed the
writing of a novel about the Philippines by a group of Filipinos. His proposal was unanimously
approved by those present. (Paternos, Jaena, Aguirre, de lete, Llorente, Figueroa and Valentin
Ventura.)
■ End of 1884, Rizal began writing the novel in Madrid and finished about one-half of it. He
continued writing the novel (one-half of the second-half). He finished the last fourth of the novel
in Germany. He wrote the last few chapters of Noli in Wilhemsfeld. In winter days of February
1886 in Berlin, Rizal made the final revision of manuscript of the Noli.
■ Sick and penniless, he saw no hope of having the novel published so that momentary fit of
desperation, he almost hurled it into the flames. Years later, he told his good friend Fernando
Canon
■ In the midst of misery, Rizal received a telegram from his friend Dr. Maximo Viola who was coming
to Berlin. Viola was scion of a rich family of San Miguel, Bulacan. When he arrived before Christmas
of 1887, he was shocked to find Rizal living in poverty and deplorably sick due to lack of
nourishment. Viola agreed to finance the printing cost of the Noli. He also loaned Rizal some cash
money for living expenses.
■ February 21, 1887 the Noli was finally finished and ready for printing. Rizal went to different
printing shops in Berlin to survey the cost of printing. Berliner Buchdruckrei-Action-Gesselschaft
Printing shop charged the lowest rate in 300 pesos for 2000 copies of the novel.
■ March 21,1887 the Noli Me Tangere came off the press
■ March 29, 1887 Rizal, in token of his appreciation and gratitude, gave Viola the gallery proofs of
the Noli carefully rolled around the pen that he used in writing it and a complimentary copy, with
the following inscription; “ To my dear friend, Maximo Viola, the first to read and appreciate my
work- Jose Rizal”.
■ After the publication of Noli Me Tangere, Rizal and Viola visit places in Europe. Rizal then decided
to return to the Philippines after a five-year absence. He left Berlin by train on May 11,1887,
making a stop at Dresden to visit importan places.
 PRAGUE
■ After Leithmeritz, Rizal and Viola visited the, where they the tomb of Copernicus, the
famous astronomer; the Museum of Natural History; the Bacteriological
Laboratories; and the famous cave where San Juan Nepomoceno, the Catholic saint,
was imprisoned and the bridge from which this saint was hurled.
6 – 23, June 1887

Reporter: SISON, EMILIO III E.

Rizal and Viola visited Geneva.
Rizal and Viola visited Geneva.

■ This Swiss city is one of the most beautiful

cities in Europe which was visited by world
tourist every year.

■ The people of Geneva were linguists, speaking

French, German, and Italian. Rizal conversed
with them in these three languages
• Máximo Viola y Sison (October 17,
1857 – September 3, 1933) was a
propagandist, writer, revolutionary
leader and doctor from Bulacan,
Philippines.
Reporter: SISON, EMILIO III E.
June 6th 1887 MADRID EXPOSITION
■ Rizal received sad news from his friends in Madrid of the
deplorable conditions of primitive Igorot’s who were
exhibited in this expositions, some of whom died and whose
clothing are inappropriate for the climate of Madrid, and
crude weapons were objects of mockery and laughter by the
Spanish people and press.
■ On June 19, 1887, it was Rizal’s 26th birthday
and treated Viola to a blow-out.

■ Rizal and Viola spent fifteen days in Geneva.

■ On June 23 1887, they parted ways. Viola

decided to return to Barcelona while Rizal
continued his tour to Italy.
Reporter: SISON, EMILIO III E.
■ He visited Turin, Milan, Venice and Florence.
■ On June 27, 1887, he reached Rome.
■ On June 29th, Rizal visited for the first time the
Vatican, the “City of the Popes” and the capital
Christendom
■ Rizal returned to his hotel, very tired. “I am tired as a
dog,” he wrote to Blumentritt, “but I will sleep as a
god”.
■ After a week of staying in Rome, he prepared to
return to the Philippines.
 RIZAL’S DECISION TO
RETURN THE PHILIPPINES
As early as 1884, Rizal wanted To go back to the Philippines for the following reasons
1. Financial Difficulties In Calamba
2. Desire to prove that there is no reason to fear going home
3. His belief that Spanish Regime will not punish the innocent

Decision To return home

After five years of his memorable sojourn in Europe, Rizal Return to the Philippines.
However, Rizal was warned by the following not to return to the Philippines because his Noli me
Tangere angered Friars.
1. Paciano Mercado- Rizal’s Adviser & only brother
2. Silvestre Ubaldo- Rizal’s Brother in law; Husband of Olimpia
3. Jose Ma. Cecilio- One of Rizal’s Closest Friends
Rizal was determined to comeback to the Philippines For the following reasons;
1. To operates his mother’s eyes
2. To serve his people who had been oppressed by Spanish Tyrants
3. To find out for himself how the noli me tangere and his other writings were affecting Filipino and
Spaniards
4. To inquire why Leonor rivera Remained Silent
Rizal’s Home coming
When rizal Arrived in Calamba, Rumors spread that he was a:
1. German Spy
2. An Agent of Otto Von Bismark- The liberator of Germany
3. A Protestant
4. A Mason
5. A heretic
6. A Soul As Good as Damed
 In Calamba
 Rizal Established a Medical clinic
 Doña Teodora- was Rizal’s first patient
 Doctor Uliman- Rizal was Called this name Because he came from Germany
 Gymnasium- Was Opened by Rizal for young people
 He Introduced European sport Fencing and shooting to discourage them from cockfighting and
gambling

Governor General Emilio Terrero

- wrote to Rizal requesting to come to the Malacañang Palace
Decision to Return home
1. Somebody had whispered to his ear that the Noli contains subversive ideas
2. Rizal explained to him that he merely exposed the truth, but did not advocate subversive ideas
3. He was pleased by Rizal’s explanation and curious about the book, he asked for a copy of the
novel
 Rizal’s Homecoming
Rizal visited the Jesuit fathers to ask for their feedback on the novel. He was gladly welcomed by
the following friars:
1. Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez
2. Fr. Jose Bech
3. Fr. Federico Faura- told Rizal everything in the novel was the truth and warned him that he may
lose his head because of it
CALAMBA'S AGRARIAN UNREST

This problem started when Governor-General Terrero ordered an

investigation of the friar estates to remedy the agrarian problems
relating to land taxes and tenant relations. One of the friar estates that
were affected was the Dominican-owned hacienda in Calamba.

The tenants of Calamba sought the assistance of Rizal in

representing them. Rizal helped in gathering facts and grievances
against the hacienda management. The following were the findings that
were submitted to the government for immediate action:
 The hacienda of the Dominican order consisted not only of the lands around
Calamba but also of the whole town of Calamba.

 The profits of the Dominican order continually increased because of the arbitrary
increase in the rentals paid by the tenants.

 The hacienda owner never contributed a single centavo for the celebration of the
town fiesta, for the education of the tenants` children, and for the improvement of
agriculture.

 The tenants, who had worked hard to clear the lands, were dispossessed of the
said lands for flimsy reasons.

 High rates of interest were charged the tenants for delayed rental payments, and
when the rentals could not be paid, the hacienda management confiscated their
carabaos, tools, and homes.
RIZAL LEAVES THE PHILIPPINES
Rizal received a summons form Governor Terrero, who told him that it
was best for him to leave the country. Rizal promised to leave but did not
give a definite date for his departure. He departed from Calamba weak
with fever, but he was assisted by his cousins and brothers-in-law, who
gave him physical and moral support and assured him that they would do
everything they could to protect him if the need for such arose.

Rizal left Manila on February 3, 1888, his heart filled with pain. He
was not afraid of any man and was not afraid to die, but he was forced to
leave for two reasons: his presence in Calamba was jeopardizing the
safety and happiness of his family and friends, and he could fight his
enemies better and further his country's cause with greater efficacy by
writing in a foreign land.
 Before Rizal left Calamba in 1888, he wrote a poem
dedicated to the industrious workers of Lipa. The poem was
entitled Himno al Trabajo ("Hymn to Labor").