CHAPTER 1 PART 1

HARDWARE
 Learn
the computer needs both
hardware and software to work.

 Learnmany different hardware

components inside and outside
the computer.
 Hardware: physical portion of a computer

 Software: instructions used to manipulate

hardware

 All hardware operations are based on binary

values ( base 2)

 Binary number system consists of two digits: 0 and

1
 Bits and Bytes
 Input/output(I/O) external to case.

 Processing and storage device

are internal
 Ports can be cabled or wireless.

 Chiefinput devices:
-keyboard
-mouse

 Chief output devices

-monitor
-printer
 Storage and processing occurs in the case

 Internal
devices:
-motherboard, CPU, memory etc.
-Hard drive and CD drive
-power supply

 Expansion cards installed on motherboard

 Cables: data(communication) and power

 Hardware needs Software to work.

 Computer uses binary number system.

 All processing and storage is case internal

 Input and output is case external through

ports.

 Ports can be cabled or wireless

 Binary number system:
-convert binary to decimal and decimal to
binary
-10101010=128+32+8+2=170
-85=64+16+4+1=01010101

 Lab 1.1 Gather and Record System

Information
- Answer and turn in review Questions
Chapter 1 part 2
Hardware
 Mainboard or system board
-contains CPU, memory, etc.

 Grouping categories
- Processing, temporary storage,
-communication, power

 All communicate with CPU

 Peripherals link via cable

 CPU: performs data processing

 Chipset microchips controlling data flow

 Manufacturers of CPUs and chipsets

-Intel corporation, AMD, VIA, SIS, and
Cyrix
 CPU

RAM NORTHBRIDGE VIDEO

SOUTHBRIDGE
 Primary
storage( temporarily):
-RAM use by the processor

 Secondary storage(permanent):
-Hard drive, CD, floppy disk

 Analogy to primary-secondary memory

relationship
-Book stocks in a library are like
permanent storage
-Books can be moved to a desk
(temporary storage)
 RAM(Random Access Memory):
-temporary storage on the mother board

 Threetypes of RAM (memory module):

-DIMM (dual inline memory module)
-RIMM (Rambus inline memory module)
-SIMM (single inline memory module)

 RAM is volatile (data does not persist)

 ROM (read-only memory) is none volatile)

 Hard drive
-disks that rotate at high speeds
- integrated drive electronics(IDE)
 ATA( AT Attachment) standard
-specifies motherboard-hard drive
interface
-types: serial ATA or Parallel ATA
(Enhanced IDE)
 Parallel ATA accommodates up to four IDE
devices
 Serial ATA standard
-allows for more than four drives in a system

 IDE devices: hard drive, zip drives, CD drive

 Floppy Drive
-3-5 inch disk holding 1.44 MB of data
-Floppy drive connector is distinct from IDE
connectors

 CD- ROM (Compact disc read-only memory)

drive standard equipment for reading software
distributions.
 Motherboard, CPU, Chipsets, memory

 North Bridge(NB or MC)

 South Bridge(SB or IOC)

 Primary storage(RAM)

 Secondary storage(hard drive)

 Drawthe CPU,RAM, video, North Bridge,
South Bridge diagram.

 Lab1.2 identify computer parts

-answer and turn in review questions
Chapter 1 part 3
Hardware
 Traces circuits or paths that move data
and power
 Data bus is a bus that carries data
-Data path sizes:8,16,32,64, or 128 bits
wide
 Main bus (system bus, memory bus)
-Communicates with CPU, memory and
chipset

 Systemclock pulse carried by line on

motherboard
 Clock speed is measured in hertz
(cycles/second)
-One megahertz(MHz): one million cycles
per second
-One gigahertz (GHz): one billion cycles
per second
 Common ratings for motherboard buses
-1066 MHz,800 MHz, 533 MHz, or 400 MHz
 Range of CPU speeds: 166 MHz to 4 GHz
 Buses for expansion slots: PCI,AGP,ISA
 Circuit cards , adapter boards, expansion
card
 Cards connect the CPU to an external
device:
-Video: provides a port for the monitor
-Sound: provides ports for speakers and
microphones
-Network: provides a port for a network
cable
-Modem: provides ports for phone lines
 Determine a card’s function by identifying
its port
 Power Supply
-Most important electrical component
-Converts AC voltage external source to
DC voltage
-Reduces voltages from 110-120 volts to
12 volts or less
-Runs a fan to cool the inside of the
computer case
 temperature>185˚F can cause component
failure
 Motherboard has 1 or 2 connections to
power supply
 CPU speeds, MHz, GHz
 Data bus and bus speeds
 System clock
 Expansion cards, PCI express, AGP, PCI,
ISA
 Power supply
 Sketch the motherboard and identify the
CPU, chip set, memory, and expansion
slots
 Lab 1.3 use shareware to examine a
computer, part 1
-answer and turn in the review questions.
 Lab 1.4 use shareware to examine a
computer, part 2
-Answer and turn in the review questions
CHAPTER 1 PART 4
HARDWARE
 BIOS(Basic Input /Output system)
-Data and instruction stored on ROM chips
-ROM BIOS chips are a type of firmware
 Three purposes of ROM BIOS:
-System BIOS: used to manage simple
devices
-Startup BIOS: used to start the computer
-CMOS setup: used to change motherboard
settings
 CMOS RAM: includes date, time, port
configurations
 Flash ROM: ROM chips the can be overwritten
 Also known as ACPI
 Standard specifying a power saving
feature enables a system to power up by a
keyboard
 Supported by most systems, such as
windows XP
 Advanced power management(APM)
-older BIOS power management standard
 Also known as PnP
 Standard simplifying installation of
hardware devices
 PnP BIOS begins process of configuring
devices
 PnP-compliant operating system
completes configuration
 ESCD(Extended System Configuration
Data)plug and play BIOS
-enhanced version of PnP and stores
manual configuration steps
A computer comprises hardware and
software
 Main function: input, Output, processing,
storage
 Data is stored in a binary format (1 or 0,
on or off)
 Input /Output devices: keyboard, mouse,
printer, monitor
 Motherboard (system board): contains the
CPU, access to other circuit boards and
peripherals
 Primary storage (RAM) is volatile
(temporary)
 Secondary storage is
nonvolatile(permanent)
 Parallel and serial ATA standards: enable
secondary storage devices to interface
with the motherboard
 Computer bus: system of communication
pathways and protocols
 ROM BIOS helps start PCs, manage
simple devices, and change some
motherboard settings
 Converting MHz to GHz
-5000MHz =5GHz or 5,000,000,000Hz
 Lab 1.5 compare costs
-complete and turn in review question
 Lab 1.6 plan an ideal system
-complete and turn in review question