Chapter 7

Intelligence

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 Intelligence
Cultures vary in ways they define intelligence
Global capacity to act purposefully, think rationally,
and deal effectively with the environment.
Intelligence is measured using IQ Tests

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 Measuring Intelligence
• Criteria for a good intelligence test
• Validity - Extent to which test measures what it is
intended to measure
• Reliability - Extent to which test yields consistent,
reproducible measure of performance
• Standardization – Involves:
• Developing uniform procedures for administering and
scoring a test
• Creating norms—performance standards—for the test

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 IQ Tests
• Mental age, developed by Binet - Individual’s
level of mental development relative to that of
others
• Intelligence quotient, developed by Stern
• IQ = (MA/CA) x 100, where:
• MA - Mental age
• CA - Chronological age

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 IQ Tests
• Normal distribution
• Symmetrical, bell-shaped curve
• A majority of the scores falling in the middle of
the possible range
• Few scores appear toward the extremes of the range

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 Figure 7.9

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 IQ classification
130 and above- Very Superior

120 to 129 - Superior

110 to 119 - High Average

90 to 109 - Average

80 to 89 -Low Average

70 to 79 -Borderline

69 and below - Intellectual Deficient

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 Extremes of Intelligence
• Giftedness - High intelligence and/or superior
talent in a particular area
• Product of heredity and environment
• Intellectual disability - Condition of limited
mental ability in which an individual has a low
IQ
• Difficulty adapting to everyday life
• Characteristics exhibited by age 18

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 Intellectual Disability
• Levels of adaptive behavior:
• Conceptual skills - Understanding of numbers,
money, and time
• Social skills - Interpersonal skills, responsibility,
self-esteem, and ability to follow rules and obey
• Practical skills - Activities of daily living such as
personal care, occupational skills, health care,
travel/transportation, and use of the telephone

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 Intellectual Disability
• Organic intellectual disability - Caused by a
genetic disorder or brain damage
• Cultural-familial intellectual disability - A
mental deficit with no evidence of organic
brain damage

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 Theories of Multiple Intelligences
• Sternberg’s triarchic theory - Intelligence
comes in three forms:
• Analytical intelligence - The ability to analyze,
judge, evaluate, compare, and contrast
• Creative intelligence - The ability to create, design,
invent, originate, and imagine
• Practical intelligence - The ability to use, apply,
implement, and put ideas into practice

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Gardner’s Multiple intelligence
(Refer: Page No:271)
 Theories of Multiple Intelligences
• Linguistic/ Verbal intelligence: Word Smart, Ability to
write or read, Ability to rhyme, Good Speakers, and
Actors.
• Logical/Mathematical Intelligence: Number Smart,
Ability to do math, and Ability to balance a
chequebook.
• Spatial Intelligence: Picture Smart, and How many
people can see pics in their head when they close their
eyes?
• Kinaesthetic Intelligence: Body, Sports or hand smart,
and Who can dance, play sports and build models.
 Theories of Multiple Intelligences
• Musical Intelligence: Music Smart.
• Interpersonal Intelligence: People Smart, and
Who likes group work?.
• Intrapersonal Intelligence: Self Smart, and
Who likes to work on their own?.
• Naturalist: The ability to observe and
understand natural systems.
• Existentialists: The ability to understand
human existence such as the meaning of life
and death.