HISTORY OF NURSING

DIAGNOSIS
FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING- GROUP 1
TOPICS TO BE DISCUSSED

Definition, Purpose and Uses

Evolution of Nursing Diagnosis

Difference of Nursing Diagnosis and Medical

Diagnosis

Example
 Definition,
Purpose and
Uses
 A nursing diagnosis is a clinical
judgment concerning a human
response to health conditions/life
processes, or a vulnerability for that
response, by an individual, family,
group or community. A nursing
diagnosis provides the basis for
selection of nursing interventions to
achieve outcomes for which the
nurse has accountability.
(Approved at the ninth NANDA
Conference; amended in 2009 and
2013.)
Purpose of Nursing Diagnosis
To draw conclusions regarding a
patient’s specific problems or
needs in order to plan and
deliver effective care.
Uses of Nursing Diagnosis

“ 1.
2.
Gives nurses a common language
Promotes identification of
appropriate goals
3. Provides acuity information
4. Can create a standard for nursing
practice
5. Provides a quality improvement
base
BACK TO INDEX
Evolution of Nursing
Diagnosis
• The term DIAGNOSIS was first introduced in the
nursing literature in 1950

• In 1973, a national conference (NANDA) was held with

the purpose to identify the patient’s needs that fall
within the scope of nursing, label them (Nursing
Diagnosis) and develop a classification system that
could be used by the nurses throughout the world
• Nursing diagnosis was first introduced in the nursing
literature in 1950. Fry (1953) proposed the formulation of
nursing diagnosis and an individual nursing care plan to
better define nursing practice and science.
• This emphasized a nurse’s independent practice, compared with the dependent practice driven by
physician’s orders.
• Initially professional nursing did not support nursing diagnoses. The Model
Nurse Practice Act of the American Nurses Association (ANA) (1995) excluded
diagnosis.
• Yura & Walsh (1967) developed the theory of the nursing
process, it included 4 parts: assessment, planning,
implementation, and evaluation. However, nurse educator soon
recognized that assessment data needed to be analyzed and
clustered into patterns and interpreted before nurses could
complete the remaining steps of the process (NSNDA-I,2012).
Soon diagnosis became part of the 5 steps in the nursing
process.
• In 1973 the first national conference on nursing diagnosis was held.
Nurse leaders identified and define 80 nursing diagnosis at the
conference. Today the list contains several hundred diagnosis, and
continues to grow on the basis of nursing research work of members of
the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International (NANDA-
I ) (Herdman and Kamitsuru, 2014)

Nurses make diagnostic conclusion using nursing diagnosis to form

clinical decisions necessary for safe and effective nursing practice.
Nursing
Diagnosis

Medical
Diagnosis
 Nursing Diagnosis
It is the statement of client’s
response to actual or
potential health problem/life
processes that the nurse is
licensed and competent to
treat.
Medical Diagnosis
It is the identification of a
disease condition based on a
specific evaluation of physical
signs, symptoms, history,
laboratory tests and
procedures.
 Nursing Diagnosis
It is the statement of client’s
response to actual or
potential health problem/life
processes that the nurse is
licensed and competent to
treat.
Medical Diagnosis
A medical diagnosis deals with
disease or medical condition.
A nursing diagnosis deals
with human response to
actual or potential health
problems and life processes.
Nursing Diagnosis Medical Diagnosis

Physicians are licensed to treat

these diseases or
pathological processes by
performing surgery,
prescribing medications, and
ordering specific
investigations and non
invasive therapies
 Nursing Diagnosis
Goal
• To identify response of
client to actual or potential
health problems
• To develop an individualized
plan of care so that the
client and/or family are able
to adapt to changes
resulting from health
problems
Medical Diagnosis
Goal
• To identify and to design
treatment plan for curing
the disease or the
pathological process
• To prescribe treatment
 Nursing Diagnosis Medical Diagnosis

• Related S/S respond to • Related S/S don’t respond

nurse prescribed to nurse
interventions • Prescribed
• Prescription alone
Nursing Diagnosis Medical Diagnosis

Identifies health problems Identifies health problems

from the patient’s from the perspective of
perspective medical science
 Nurses are responsible
in Nursing Diagnosis
• Early detection & diagnosis
of the problem
• Initiating an independent
care plan to prevent, cure,
or manage the problem
Nurses are responsible
for Medical Diagnosis
• Early detection of S/S that may
indicate the need for medical
treatment
• Notifying the physician about the S/S
• Initiating actions within the nursing
domain to prevent, correct, or manage
the problem
• Collaborating with the physician to
initiate a comprehensive treatment
plan