Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
5 Transpozoni
5 Transpozoni
Elemente genetice
mobile,care dovedesc
PLASTICITATEA
genomului
TRANSPOZITIA
Over the years I have found that it is difficult if not impossible to bring
to consciousness of another person the nature of his tacit assumptions
when, by some special experiences, I have been made aware of them.
This became painfully evident to me in my attempts during the 1950s
to convince geneticists that the action of genes had to be and was
controlled. It is now equally painful to recognize the fixity of
assumptions that many persons hold on the nature of controlling
elements in maize and the manners of their operation. One must
await the right time for conceptual change. (1973)
Transpozon (Tn) - sinonime
Donor Recipient
2. Transpozitia conservativa
(non-replicativa)
TRANSPOZOM
Transpozaza
Se leaga:
- Specific de un situs
- Oriunde in ADN
Secventele repetitive scurte directe si inverse
sunt importante in excizia transpozonilor de
catre transpozaza, dar si pt ADN polimeraza
In ADN-ul tinta au loc
rupturi in zig-zag.
Polimeraza umple
golurile, astfel luand
nastere segmentele
repetitive ce
flancheaza
transpozonul.
2. Transpozitia conservativa (~Cut-
and-paste)
Donor Recipient
III. Retrotranspozonii
Retrotranspozitia – apare cel mai frecvent
la om
Transcriere Target
RNA
Revers transcriere
ADNc
Integrare
Donor
Exista 3 clase importante de retrotranspozoni la
mamifere:
- cu nr. inalt de copii (aprox. 1,7 milioane copii): SINEs; Ex. fam. Alu (1,5 mil.
copii)
L-1LINEs (long-interspersed sequences):
elemente lungi de spatiere sau elemente
nucleare dispersate lungi
Elemente de 6,5 kb, repetate de 50.000-100.000
de ori (~21% din genom).
Datorita diversitatii lor la nivelul genomului uman LINEs sunt folosite in analize
moleculare (“DNA fingerprint”) ca markeri.
L-1 LINEs
Elemetele Alu constau dintr-o secventa de 260 perechi de baze (in medie)
si contin o secventa pe care o recunoaste enzima de restrictie AluI
Densitatea elementelor repetitive variaza in
diferite regiuni genomice