REPAIR STRATEGIES

CAUSES OF DISTRESS IN STRUCTURE

1. UNPREDICTABLE
Earth quake
• Bhuj earthquake
Design error
1. Wrong design concept
2. Error in load calculation
3. Error in load combination
4. Improper use of computer software
5. Error in design joints
CAUSES OF DISTRESS IN STRUCTURE
3. Error in detailing and drafting

4. Material

5. Workmanship

6.Inspection

7. Maintenance
CAUSES OF DISTRESS IN CONCRETE
1.Structural Causes
Externally applied loads
Environmental loads
Accidents
Subsidence, etc.
2. Error in design detailing
3. Poor construction practice
4.Construction overload
5.Drying shrinkage
6.Thermal stresses
7.Chemical reactions
8.Weathering
9.Corrosion
CAUSES OF DISTRESS IN CONCRETE DUE
TO PLASTICITY
Plastic shrinkage
Settlement cracking
Early removal of formwork
Improper design of formwork.
Condition Assessment or condition
survey
• Objective
(1) To identify
• Causes of distress and their sources
(2) To assess
• The extent of distress occurred due to corrosion,
fir, earthquake etc.
• The residual strength of the structure
• The rehabilitability of structure
(3) To priorities the distresses element of structure
according to serious for repair.
(4) To select remedy plan effectively.
Category 1

• The building has not shown any signs of distress

and it satisfies all the safety and serviceability
criteria according to IS : 456-2000 and hence
no action is needed towards retrofitting.
Category 2 Approach

Questioning & scrutiny of records

Visual observation
Tests
Field tests Laboratory tests
Interpretation
of results
Further tests/load testing
Assessment of causes, extent of damage and
present condition of concrete
Categorization of structural member based on thee extent of
distress
•Good condition, Moderately distresses, Severely distressed

Formulation of scheme for repairs and

recommendations
Stages of Condition Survey

1 • Preliminary Inspection

2 • Planning Stage

3 • Visual Inspection

4 • Field and Laboratory testing

•Process Of Condition
Survey
Stage 1 Preliminary Site Visit

Establish aims and information

required

Documentation survey
Stage I

Preliminary Site Visit

Stage 2 Planning Stage

Set interpretation rules

Stage II

Field Inspection
Stage 3 Visual Inspection stage

Visual inspection

Stage III Is structural

inspection
necessary?
Stage 2 Planning Stage

NDT test

Stage IV
Conclusion

• Action
Plan
Preliminary objectives of inspection
• History
• Record of earlier surveying team
• Safety requirements
• Time required for survey
• Tools required for sampling and field test
euipments
Basic information to be collected
• Period of construction
• Building design detail plumbing, electricity,
structural and architectural drawings.
• Specification of materials used.
• Foundation details, soil condition
• Structural changes made if any
• Detail of earlier repair
• Detail of previous investigation
• Apparent cause of distress
• Photograph of distressed portion
Diagnosis of defect and deterioration
sources J.H. Bungey
Symptoms Age of Appearance
Cause Cracking Spalling Erosion Early Long
Term
Structural Deficiency
Reinforcement
corrosion
Chemical attack
Frost Damage
Fire Damege
Internal Reactions
Thermal Effects
 Symptoms Age of Appearance

Cause Cracking Spalling Erosion Early Long

Term

Shrinkage

Creep

Rapid Drying

Plastic Shrinkage

Physical Damage
Planning Stage
• Preparation of field documents
• Grouping of structural members
• Classification of damage