CLASSROOM RULES

1.Avoid talking unnecessary

things that are not included
to our topic.
2.Listen to the discussion.
3.Do not answer in chorus,
you can raise your right
hand if you want to answer.
4.Pay attention.
“Microscopy”
I Chorus:
I took a look at this cell, Hey I just sat down
Checked out each organelle And you’re not
Woah, look at the centriole blurry
And now we’re on our way Is that your cell
II wall?
Look at the scales on a fish I see you Clearly
Or growth on a petri dish Light microscopy
Don’t think I should look at this
But now I am on the way
III
Condenser turned up
Lens in focus
High resolution
This is microscopy
Objectives:
1. Identify parts of the
microscope and their functions
( S7LT-IIa-1)
2. Focus the specimens using the
compound microscope;
( S7LT-IIb-2 )
Vocabulary Check
1. Eyepiece
2. Body tube
3. Arm
4. Coarse adjustment
5. Fine adjustment
6. Nose piece
7. Objectives lenses
8. Stage
9. Stage clip
10. Iris diaphragm
True or False: The students must be
given 2 strips of paper with different
colors before the class starts. Yellow
strips will be given to FEMALE and the
Blue strips will be given to MALE.
Inform them that the yellow strips
represent TRUE and the blue strips
represent FALSE. Instruct them to raise
the yellow strip if their answer is TRUE
and the blue if their answer is FALSE.
1. A compound microscope is an
instrument that is used to
view magnified images of
small objects on a glass slide.
2. The arm connects the body
tube to the base of the
microscope.
3. The purpose of a microscope
is to magnify a small object or
to magnify the fine details of a
larger object in order to examine
minute specimens that cannot be
seen by the naked eye.
4. The body tube connects the
eyepiece to the objective lenses.
5. The arm connects the
body tube to the base
of the microscope.
 What is a microscope?
A microscope is an instrument used
to see objects that are too small to be
seen by the naked eye. Microscopy is
the science of investigating small
objects and structures using such an
instrument. Microscopic means
invisible to the eye unless aided by a
microscope.
What is the used of microscope?

It uses lenses in order to

magnify the objects so that
it can be seen through the
naked eye.
What is the types of microscope?

- There are several different types

of microscopes used in
light microscopy, and the four most
popular types are Compound,
Stereo, Digital and the Pocket or
handheld microscopes.
What is the main function of microscope?
– The microscope is one of the most
important tools used in chemistry and
biology. This instrument allows a scientist
or doctor to magnify an object to look at it
in detail. Many types of microscopes exist,
allowing different levels of magnification
and producing different types of images.
Compound Microscope
• History
• Types
• Care
• Parts & functions
• Focusing
1665 – English
physicist, Robert
Hooke looked at a
sliver of cork
through a
microscope lens and
noticed some "pores"
or "cells" in it.
•Compound Microscope
•Dissection Microscope
•Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
•Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
 Always carry with 2 hands
 Never touch the lenses with your
fingers.
 Only use lens paper for cleaning

 Keep objects clear of desk and cords

 When you are finished with your

"scope", rotate the nosepiece so that
it's on the low power objective, roll
the stage down to lowest level, rubber
band the cord, then replace the dust
cover.
 Ocular lens

Body Tube

Revolving Nosepiece
Arm
Objective Lens

Stage
Stage Clips
Coarse adjustment knob
Diaphragm
Fine adjustment knob
Light

Base
Ocular lens

magnifies; where you

look through to see the
image of your specimen.
They are usually 10X or
15X power. Our
microscopes have an ocular
lens power of 10x.
 supports the tube and
connects it to the
arm base
 the flat platform
where you place
your slides
stage
 moves stage (or body
tube) up and down

coarse adjustment knob

 small, round knob on
the side of the
microscope used to
fine-tune the focus of
your specimen
fine adjustment knob
after using the coarse
adjustment knob
 the bottom of the
microscope, used for
support

base
 body tube

connects the eyepiece

to the objective
lenses
the part that holds two
or more objective lenses
revolving nosepiece
and can be rotated to
easily change power
 Adds to the magnification
Usually you will find 3 or
4 objective lenses on a
microscope. They almost
objective lens
always consist of 4X, 10X,
40X and 100X
powers. When coupled
with a 10X (most common)
eyepiece lens, we get total
magnifications of 40X (4X
times 10X), 100X , 400X
and 1000X.
The shortest objective lenses
lens is the lowest power, the
longest one is the lens with
the greatest power. Lenses
are color coded.
The high power objective
lenses are retractable (i.e.
40XR). This means that if
they hit a slide, the end of
the lens will objective lenses
push in (spring loaded)
thereby protecting the lens
and the slide.
Stage clips hold the slides in
place. If your microscope
has a mechanical stage, you
will be able to move the
slide around by turning two
knobs. One stage clips
moves it left and right, the
other moves it up and down.
 controls the amount of light
going through the specimen
Many microscopes have a
rotating disk under the
stage. This diaphragm has
different sized holes and is
diaphragm
used to vary the intensity
and size of the cone of light
that is projected upward into
the slide. There is no set rule
regarding which setting to use
for a particular power. Rather,
the setting is a function of the
transparency of the specimen,
the degree of contrastdiaphragm
you desire and the particular
objective lens in use.
makes the specimen
easier to see

light
The proper way to focus a microscope is
to start with the lowest power objective
lens first and while looking from the
side, crank the lens down as close to the
specimen as possible without touching
it. Now, look through the eyepiece lens
and focus upward only until the image
is sharp. If you can't get it in focus,
repeat the process again.
Once the image is sharp with the low
power lens, you should be able to
simply click in the next power lens and
do minor adjustments with the focus
knob. If your microscope has a fine
focus adjustment, turning it a bit should
be all that's necessary. Continue with
subsequent objective lenses and fine
focus each time.
Rotate to 40x objective, locate desired
portion of specimen in the center of the
field. Refocus very carefully so that the
specimen is focused as sharply as
possible. (Do not
alter focus for the
Following steps )
Partially rotate so that 40x and 100x
objectives straddle the specimen.
Place a small drop of oil on the slide in
the center of the lighted area. (Take care
not to dribble on the stage.)
Put the small drop
of oil directly over
the area of the
specimen to be
Examined.
Rotate so that the 100x oil immersion
objective touches the oil and clicks into
place.
Focus only with fine focus. Hopefully,
the specimen will come into focus easily.
Do not change focus dramatically.
Clean up!: When you have finished for
the day, wipe the 100x oil immersion
objective carefully with lens paper to
remove all oil. Wipe oil from the slide
thoroughly with a Kimwipe. Cleanse
stage should any oil have spilled on it.
Recap the immersion oil container
securely, replace in drawer.
Being a students,
how important to
know about the
microscope?
I Direction: Label the parts of the microscope below by
putting the letter that matches the location on the microscope.
A.) Base B.) Fine Adjustment Knob C.) Arm
D.) Diaphragm E.) Light Source F.) Stage
G.) Stage Clips H.) Coarse Adjustment Knob I.) Nosepiece
J.) Eyepiece K.) Objective Lenses
II Direction: Match the parts of the microscope with their function.
Put the letter next to the part of the microscope that fits the
description.
A – This part holds the objective
1. Eyepiece: lenses and is able to rotate to change
magnification.
B – This part of the microscope
adjusts the amount of light that
2. Base:
reaches the specimen (1 = least to 5
= most).
C – This part moves the stage
3. Nosepiece: slightly to help you sharpen or “fine”
tune your view of the specimen.
D – Where you look into the
microscope. This part allows you to
4. Stage:
view the image on the stage and
contains the ocular lens.
E – This part is used to support the
5. Coarse Adjustment Knob:
microscope when carried.
F – Part of the microscope that
6. Diaphragm:
supports the slide being viewed.
G – These are used to hold the slide
7. Stage Clips:
into place.
H – The bottom part of the
8. Fine Adjustment Knob:
microscope
I – This part of the microscope is
9. Objective Lenses: found on the nosepiece and range
from low to high power.
J – This part moves the stage up and
10. Arm: down to help you get the specimen
into view.
K – This part of the microscope
11. Light Source: projects light upwards to allow you
to see the specimen.
Make an Essay about
Compound Microscope.