MOLARITY &

DILUTION
PREPLY LESSON BY ENGR. ALMIRA
 REMEMBER
KEEP THE RELATIONSHIPS OF THESE THREE IN MIND

MASS

MOLECULAR
MOLES
MASS

2
 Suppose you had 2.00 moles of solute
GIVEN: dissolved into 1.00 L of solution.
 2 moles of solute
What's the molarity?
 1.00 L of solution

REQUIRED: Molarity (mol/L)

SOLUTION:
𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆
Molarity =
𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝟐 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔
M=
𝟏.𝟎𝟎 𝑳
𝒎𝒐𝒍
M= 𝟐
𝑳

3
GIVEN: Calculate the molarity of 25.0 grams of
 25 g KBr KBr dissolved in 750.0 mL.
 750 mL of solution

REQUIRED: Molarity (mol/L)

SOLUTION:
IF you are given a mass, convert it to moles. Convert mL to L
𝟏 𝒎𝒐𝒍
MW (KBr) Moles of solute = 25 g KBr 𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝑲𝑩𝒓
𝟏𝟏𝟗. 𝟎𝟎𝟐 𝒈
K = 39.098 g/mol
Br = 79.904 g/mol 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆 𝟕𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝑳𝒙
𝟏𝑳
= 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 𝑳
Molarity = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝑳
𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝟎.𝟐𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝑲𝑩𝒓
M= 𝒎𝒐𝒍
𝟎.𝟕𝟓𝟎 𝑳 M= 𝟐. 𝟖
𝑳
4
GIVEN:
 80 g glucose 80.0 grams of glucose (C6H12O6, mol. wt =
 MW glucose = 180 g/mol 180. g/mol) is dissolved in enough water to
 1 L of solution
make 1.00 L of solution. What is its molarity?
REQUIRED: Molarity (mol/L)

SOLUTION:
IF you are given a mass, convert it to moles. Convert mL to L
𝟏 𝒎𝒐𝒍
Moles of solute = 80 g glucose 𝒙
𝟏𝟖𝟎 𝒈
= 𝟎. 𝟒𝟒𝟒 𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝒈𝒍𝒖𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆

𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆
Molarity =
𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

𝟎.𝟒𝟒𝟒 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒈𝒍𝒖𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆 𝒎𝒐𝒍

M= M= 𝟎. 𝟒𝟒𝟒
𝟏𝑳 𝑳

5
 GIVEN:
 0.200 M
 500 mL How many grams of KMnO4 are needed to
make 500.0 mL of a 0.200 M solution?
REQUIRED: mass KMnO4

SOLUTION: Re-arrange your equation

𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆
Molarity = volume x Molarity = 𝒏
𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
MASS
𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝟏𝑳 (m)
n= 0.200 x (500 mL 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝑳
) = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒐𝒍 KMnO4
𝑳 MOLECULAR
MOLES (n) MASS
MW of KMnO4 = 𝟏𝟓𝟖. 𝟎𝟑𝟔 𝒈/𝒎𝒐𝒍 (M)

𝟏𝟓𝟖.𝟎𝟔𝟑 𝒈
Mass = 0.100 mol KMnO4 X = 15. 81 g KMnO4
𝒎𝒐𝒍

6
GIVEN:
 15.0g H2SO4 How many mL of solution will result when
 0.200 M 15.0 g of H2SO4 is dissolved to make a 0.200
REQUIRED: Volume (mL) M solution?
SOLUTION: Re-arrange your equation
𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆
Molarity = volume =
𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑴𝒐𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒚
𝟏 𝒎𝒐𝒍
Moles of solute = 15 g H2SO4 𝒙 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟗𝟓 𝒎𝒐𝒍H2SO4
𝟏𝟓𝟖. 𝟎𝟑𝟔 𝒈
MW of H2SO4= 𝟏𝟓𝟖. 𝟎𝟑𝟔 𝒈/𝒎𝒐𝒍

𝟎.𝟎𝟗𝟓 𝒎𝒐𝒍 MASS

volume = 𝒎𝒐𝒍
= 0.475 L (m)
𝟎.𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝑳
MOLECULAR
MOLES (n) MASS
(M)

7
GIVEN: 53.4 mL of a 1.50 M solution of NaCl is
 53.4 mL NaCl on hand, but you need some 0.800 M
 1.50 M NaCl solution. How many mL of 0.800 M
 0.800 M
can you make?
REQUIRED:
Volume of 0.800 M
SOLUTION:
𝑀1 𝑉1 = 𝑀2 𝑉2

(1.50 M) (53.4 mL ) = 0.800 𝑀 𝑉2

80. 1 𝑚𝐿
𝑉2 =
0.800 𝑉2 = 100.125 𝑚𝐿
8
GIVEN:
 𝑀1 = 1 M NaCl A stock solution of 1.00 M NaCl is
 𝑉2 = 100 mL available. How many milliliters are
 𝑀2 = 0.750 M needed to make 100.0 mL of 0.750 M
REQUIRED:
𝑉1
SOLUTION:
𝑀1 𝑉1 = 𝑀2 𝑉2

(1 M) 𝑉1 = 0.750 𝑀 (100 𝑚𝐿)

75 𝑚𝐿
𝑉2 = 𝑉2 = 75 𝑚𝐿
1
9
GIVEN: What final volume should you dilute
 𝑀1 = 4.05 M 51.0 mL of a 4.05 M KI solution so that
 𝑉1 = 51 mL 22.0 mL of the diluted solution
 𝑚 = 3.10 g
 V= 22 mL
contains 3.10 g of KI

REQUIRED: SOLUTION: 𝑀1 𝑉1 = 𝑀2 𝑉2
𝑉2 𝐹𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑀 from the given mass and volume.
2
Remember to convert any given mass to moles
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒆
3.10 𝑔 𝐾𝐼 𝑥 = 𝑀2 = = 𝟎.𝟎𝟐𝟐 𝑳 =
166.003 𝑔 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

(4.05 M) (51 𝑚𝐿) = 𝑀 (𝑉2 )

𝑚𝐿
𝑉2 = 𝑉2 = 𝑚𝐿 10
For types of Problem where there are two sets of molarity. And you are asked to get the third Molarity
(molarity of the mixed solution)

M1V1 + M2V2 = M3V3

11
GIVEN: Calculate the final concentration if
 𝑉1 = 2 L 2.00 L of 3.00 M NaCl and 4.00 L of
 𝑀1 = 3 M 1.50 M NaCl are mixed. Assume there
 𝑀2 = 1.50 M
 𝑉2 = 4 L
is no volume contraction upon mixing.

REQUIRED: SOLUTION: 𝑀1 𝑉1 + 𝑀2 𝑉2 = 𝑀3 𝑉3
𝑀3 𝑉3 = 𝑉1 + 𝑉2
𝑉3 = 2 𝐿 + 4𝐿 = 6𝐿
3𝑀 (2𝐿) + (1.50 𝑀)(4𝐿) = 𝑀3 (6𝐿)
6 𝑚𝑜𝑙 + 6 𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 𝑀3 (6𝐿)

12 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑀3 = =2
6𝐿 𝐿 12
Molarity Calculation
Given:
 60.0 mL
 0.0880 M (mol/L) What is the mass of C12H22O11 in 60.0
Required: mL of 0.0880 M solution?
Mass of sucrose

1 First observe the uniformity of units. 2 Multiply the given volume with the molarity:
0.0880 𝑚𝑜𝑙
Convert mL to L 0.06 𝐿 𝑥 = 5.28 𝑥 10−3 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐿
1𝐿
60.0 𝑚𝐿 𝑥 = 0.06 𝐿 3 What do we do next? Remember the mass-mole-molar mass triangle
1000 𝑚𝐿
Get the molar mass of sucrose = 342 g/mol

MASS
(m)

4 Multiply the moles of sucrose with molar mass MOLECULAR

MOLES (n) MASS
342 𝑔 (M)
5.28 𝑥 10−3 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑥 = 1.80 𝑔 C12H22O11
𝑚𝑜𝑙 13
Molarity Calculation: Practice
Given:
 250 𝑐𝑚3 How many grams of NaOH are
 0.500 M (mol/L)
required to prepare 250 cm3 of 0.500
Required:
Mass of NaOH M solution?

1 Are the units uniform/ same? 2 Solve for the mol of NaOH:
0.500 𝑚𝑜𝑙
Convert 𝑐𝑚3 to L 2.5 𝐿 𝑥 = 1.25 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝐿
1𝐿
250𝑐𝑚3 𝑥 = 2.5 𝐿 3 What is the molar mass of NaOH?
100𝑐𝑚3
Molar mass of NaOH= 40 g/mol

MASS
(m)

4 Solve for the mass of NaOH required MOLECULAR

MOLES (n) MASS
40 𝑔 (M)
1.25 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑥 = 50 𝑔 NaOH
𝑚𝑜𝑙 14
Molarity Calculation
Given:
 24.5 g Calculate the concentration of a NaCl
 250 𝑐𝑚3
solution that contains 24.5 g of NaCl in
Required:
Concentration of NaCl = Molarity 250 cm3 of solution.

1 First observe the uniformity of units. 2 Convert the mass to moles:

Get the molar mass of NaCl = 58 g/mol
Convert 𝑐𝑚3 to L
1𝐿 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙
250𝑐𝑚3 𝑥 = 2.5 𝐿 24.5 𝑔 𝑥 = 0.42 𝑚𝑜𝑙
100𝑐𝑚3 58 𝑔

3 MASS
Divide the moles of NaCl with the given volume (m)
0.42 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙
= 0.168 𝑀 ( ) NaCl MOLECULAR
2.5 𝐿 𝐿 MOLES (n) MASS
(M)

15
More Practice

If you dilute 175 mL of a 1.6 M solution of LiCl to 1.0 L, Answer

determine the new concentration of the solution.

What volume of 4.50 M HCl can be made by mixing 5.65 M Answer

HCl with 250.0 mL of 3.55 M HCl?

How many grams of Ca(OH)2 are needed to make 100.0 mL of Answer

0.250 M solution?
Answer
What is the molarity of a solution containing 12.0 g of NaOH in
250.0 mL of solution?

16
Stoichiometric Calculation: Liquid Solutions
Given:
Copper metal reacts with nitric acid according to the following
 8 M HNO3
reaction:
 3. 08 g Cu
Required: 8 HNO3 (aq) + 3 Cu → 3 Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 4 H2O (l) + 2 NO (g)
Volume of HNO3
What volume of 8.00 M HNO3 would be required to consume a
copper penny whose mass is 3.08 grams?

1 Get the moles of Cu from the given 3.08 g Cu 3 Get the mol of HNO3 using the mole ratio and
Mol of Cu
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙
3.08 𝑔 𝑥 = 0.048 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑢 8 𝑚𝑜𝑙HNO3
63.55 𝑔 0.048 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑢 𝑥 = 0.128 𝑚𝑜𝑙 HNO3
3 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑢
2 Find the mole ratio between Cu and HNO3 4 Solve for the volume of HNO3
3 mol Cu to 8 mol HNO3 𝐿
0.128 𝑚𝑜𝑙 HNO3 𝑥 = 0.016 𝐿 HNO3
8 𝑚𝑜𝑙
19
Stoichiometric Calculation: Liquid Solutions
Given:
 15 cm3 AgNO3 15.0 cm3 of a 0.500 M AgNO3 solution is required to precipitate
 0.500 M AgNO3 the sodium chloride in 10 cm3 of a salt solution. What is the
 10 cm3 salt solution concentration of the solution?
Required:
Concentration (Molarity) of solution AgNO3 (aq) + NaCl (aq) → AgCl (s) +KNO3 (aq)

1 Get the moles of AgNO3 3 Get the mol of NaCl using the mole ratio and
Mol of AgNO3
1𝐿 0.500 𝑚𝑜𝑙
15cm3𝑥 𝑥 = 0.075 𝑚𝑜𝑙 AgNO3 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙
100𝑐𝑚3 𝐿 0.075 𝑚𝑜𝑙AgNO3𝑥 = 0.075 𝑚𝑜𝑙 NaCl
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙AgNO3
2 Find the mole ratio between AgNO3 and Solve for the concentration of salt solution
4
NaCl
1 mol AgNO3 to 1 mol NaCl 0.075 𝑚𝑜𝑙 100𝑐𝑚3 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑥 = 0.75 𝑀 ( ) NaCl
10cm3 1𝐿 𝐿 20
Stoichiometric Calculation: Liquid Solutions -Practice
Given:
 0.123 L NaCl 0.123 L of 1 M solution of NaCl is mixed with 1.50 M solution of
 1.00 M NaCl 𝑷𝒃(𝑵𝑶𝟑 )𝟐 .
 1.50 M 𝑷𝒃(𝑵𝑶𝟑 )𝟐
𝑷𝒃(𝑵𝑶𝟑 )𝟐 + 2NaCl → 𝑃𝑏𝐶𝑙2 + 2𝑁𝑎𝑁𝑂3
Required:
Volume of 𝑷𝒃(𝑵𝑶𝟑 )𝟐 solution
What volume of 𝑷𝒃(𝑵𝑶𝟑 )𝟐 solution is needed to completely
precipitate the Pb ions?

1 2 3

1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑵𝒂𝑪𝒍 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑷𝒃(𝑵𝑶𝟑 )𝟐 𝐿

0.123 𝐿 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 = 0.041 𝐿 𝑷𝒃(𝑵𝑶𝟑 )𝟐
𝐿 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 1.50 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑷𝒃(𝑵𝑶𝟑 )𝟐

21