1.

Briefly explain the

“Iceberg Model”.
2. What is the difference
of the three structure of
personality (Id, Ego, and
Superego)?
What do you usually do whenever you
are upset in a particular situation?

Example:
• You are not allowed by your parents to
attend a party?
• How about your classmates do not
allow you to copy their answer?
What Exactly Is a Defense
Mechanism?

Most notably used by Sigmund

Freud in his psychoanalytic theory,
a defense mechanism is a tactic
developed by the ego to protect
against anxiety.
In order to deal with
anxiety, Freud believed
that defense mechanisms
helped shield the ego
from the conflicts created
by the id, superego, and
reality.
So what happens when the ego cannot
deal with the demands of our desires,
the constraints of reality, and our own
moral standards? According
to Freud, anxiety is an unpleasant inner
state that people seek to avoid. Anxiety
acts as a signal to the ego that things
are not going the way they should. As a
result, the ego then employs some sort
of defense mechanism to help reduce
these feelings of anxiety.
Repression
Repression is a defense mechanism
which causes the person to forget
an event. A child whose parent was
killed in a car crash may grow up
with no memory of this event
because they have simply pushed
this into the unconscious and aren’t
aware of it at all.
Which Defense Mechanisms Do
You Use the Most?
 Rationalization
 Displacement
 Repression
 Projection
 Fantasy
 Regression
 Denial
 Withdrawal
Remove Defense Mechanisms by………
 Reading about them
 Writing about your feelings and
actions
 Talking to a close friend or therapist
 Meditating
 Praying
From our discussion what do
you think is the connection of
structure of personality to
Defense Mechanism?
Cite one (1) situation happened in
their life wherein they used defense
mechanism.
•Let the groups identify the Id, ego,
and superego in that situation
given by the students.
Why do we need Ego defenses as
human?
Quiz
1. What purpose does a defense
mechanism serve?

A. To defend and protect the

impulsive desires of the id.
B. To protect the ego from anxious
feelings, including guilt.
C. To help a person to physically
defend themselves in a hazardous
situation.
2. Jeanette was abused as a child. She
doesn't remember the abuse but now
struggles to trust others and form
relationships.

A. Displacement
B. Repression
C. Affiliation
D. Avoidance
 3. Bill's friends confront him about
his excess drinking, but he thinks he
doesn't have a problem. Bill is
experiencing:

A. Compensation
B. Denial
C. Rationalization
D. Displacement
4. A man who cheats on his wife
accuses her of being unfaithful. This
is an example of:

A. Sublimation
B. Repression
C. Rationalization
D. Projection
5. Mary has an argument with her boss
and yells at her kids when she gets home.
Which defense mechanism is Mary
displaying?

A. Denial
B. Rationalization
C. Displacement
D. Reaction formation
6. Clare gets fired and blames her
job loss on her co-workers. This is
an example of which defense
mechanism?

A. Displacement
B. Denial
C. Rationalization
D. Sublimation
7. A defense mechanism
is usually used
_________.
A. Unconsciously
B. Consciously
8. Who first identified defense
mechanisms as a way of
protecting against anxiety?

A. John Bowlby
B. Carl Jung
C. Sigmund Freud
9. The defense mechanism of
'regression' involves what behavior?
A. Acting as you would have at a
younger age.
B. Acting as you did before an event,
pretending that nothing has
happened.
C. Behaving as a historical figure
might have.
 10. What is rationalisation?
A. Accepting a new
situation.
B. Finding justification for
an event or feelings.
C. Finding out who is to
blame for an event.
THANK YOU..
 Give examples of
Defenses Mechanisms
being discussed
Name the Defense Mechanism
 Joe is mad at Sue as he grits his
teeth. Sue asks, are you mad at me,
and he replies, “No, I’m not mad at all
as he puts a smile on his face.
Name the Defense Mechanism
Karl, a tax accountant teacher
instructs his students to follow
the rules of tax law but later
Karl cheats on his taxes.
Name the Defense Mechanism
 Bill Gates tells you your reply is
illogical and you reply, “you’re the
illogical one!” I’m smarter than you
anyway.
Name the Defense Mechanism
 “Cheating on my taxes is no big deal. Everybody
does it”
Thank You…
 Defense Mechanisms
 Definition: A mental maneuver that
one consciously or unconsciously
chooses to use to distort or falsify
the truth of one’s experience in order
to protect oneself from feeling painful
emotions like shame, guilt, or
anxiety.
Defence mechanisms against
anxiety
There are 6 main defence
mechanisms:
1. Repression
2. Regression
3. Denial
4. Displacement
5. Sublimation
6. Projection
Repression
Repression is a defense mechanism
which causes the person to forget
an event. A child whose parent was
killed in a car crash may grow up
with no memory of this event
because they have simply pushed
this into the unconscious and aren’t
aware of it at all.
Regression
Regression is a defense
mechanism involving the
individual going back to ways of
behaving that are associated with
a safer, more carefree or happier
time of life. For a young child it
means going back to an earlier
stage of development.
Denial
Denial involves being apparently
unaware of the event or emotion. The
person is not pretending to others (lying)
but is genuinely unaware of the event or
feeling they are denying. It is too painful
to acknowledge so they push all
knowledge into their unconscious mind.
Denial is quite commonly associated with
traumatic loss.
Displacement
Displacement is when someone
redirects repressed desires and
impulses onto a relatively safe
target. For example, someone
comes home from work having
wanted to strangle his boss, enters
the house and yells at his young
son for having left toys on the floor.
Sublimation
Sublimation involves the process of
transforming aggressive and sexual
desires into some socially acceptable
expression. For example, a young boy
brought up to believe that any
expression of anger or hostility is
unhealthy will avoid expressing hate and
jealousy of his younger sister. He may
channel this anger into the socially
acceptable release of playing sport.
Projection
Projection means putting
feeling you don’t want to own
yourself into other people.
You blame other people for
what you should really blame
yourself for.
Thank You