SOCIAL CONTROL

•Social control is the process by which

conformity and adherence to socialization
and approved values are ensured.
 SOCIAL GROUPS
This consists of two or
more people who
regularly interact on the
basis of mutual
expectations and who
share a common identity.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUP

1. Members of a group share

interests, values and norms.
2.Members of a group interact.
3.People identify with a group.
4.Groups have structure.
 SOCIAL CATEGORY
• A social category is a
collection of individuals who
have at least one attribute in
common but otherwise do not
necessarily interact.
 SOCIAL AGGREGATE
It is a collection of people who are in the
same place at the same time but do not
necessarily interact, except in the most
superficial of ways, or have anything else in
common.
They do not really interact and do not have a
common identity.
• These collections of people are not
a social category, because the
people are together physically,
and they are also not a group,
because they do not really interact
and do not have a common identity
unrelated to being in the crowd or
audience at that moment.
 PRIMARY GROUPS
• A primary group is usually small,
is characterized by extensive
interaction and strong emotional
ties, and endures over time.
• Charles Horton Cooley, whose
looking-glass-self concept called
these groups primary, because
they are the first groups we
belong to and because they are
so important for social life.
SECONDARY GROUPS
• Groups that are larger and more
impersonal and exist, often for a
relatively short time, to achieve a
specific purpose.
• Secondary group members feel less
emotionally attached to each other
and do not identify as much with
their group nor feel as loyal to it.
PRIMARY GROUP
- It is a relatively small.
- It is held together by strong ties of affection
- It is where we are emotionally invested.
- It gives us emotional and social support
- We feel strong personal identification with our primary group.
- It is characterized by multidimensional relationship.
- It depends on continuous face-to-face interaction
- It is very durable group that can even be called a permanent group.
- It is based on trust.
- Social control is based on informal means.
SECONDARY GROUP
- It is relatively large collection of people.
- It is held together by weak ties of affection.
- It involves little or no personal identification.
- It is one-dimensional relationship.
- It is characterized by limited face-to-face contact.
- It is not permanent group.
- We do not put the same trust in the people in our secondary
group that we do in our primary group.
- It uses formal sanctions to ensure conformity.
 REFERENCE GROUPS
• Primary and secondary groups can act both as
our reference groups or as groups that set a standard for
guiding our own behavior and attitudes.
• Some of our reference groups are groups to which we do not belong but to
which we nonetheless want to belong. A small child, for example, may dream
of becoming an astronaut and dress like one and play like one.
IN-GROUP AND
OUT-GROUP
IN-GROUP
- it refers to any group or category to which people feel they belong.
- It comprises everyone who is regarded as “we” or “us”.
- It may be as narrow as teenage clique or as broad as the entire society.
- Its very existence implies that there ia an out- group viewed as “they” or “them”.

OUT-GROUP
- It refers to a group or category to which people fell they belong.

IN-GROUP OUT-GROUP

PRIMARY GROUP My Family “The Asistores”

SECONDARY GROUP My USL Family Saint Paul University

Phils.
GEMEINSCHAFT
- It is a community- oriented society in which the relations are personal
and informal.
- Tradition is very important in holding the society together.
- Family life is very strong, and everyone knows, or knows of, everyone
else.
- It is commonly found in village and town life.

GESELLSCHAFT
- A community of which relationships are impersonal and based on
contract.
- It shares the characteristics of secondary group.