Theory:-

• The power is transmitted by different modes. One of these

modes is mechanical drive.

Elements:
• Shaft
• Belt
• Pulley
• Chain
• Gear
• Bearing
Shaft
• It is one of the most essential element for power transmission. It is
supported and runs in bearings. The other elements like pulleys, gears are
mounted on shaft for transmit the motion.

• The power transmitted by shaft can be given by,

• p= 2πNT
60
Belt
• Belt is a flexible element, running over pulleys. Which are mostly used in
belt drives.

• They are made from different materials & in different cross section
depending on requirement of torque to be transmit & the center dist. b/w
driving and driven shaft.

• Types of belt:-
• Flat belt
• V-belt
• Timing belt
• Rope
Flat belt
• Rectangular in cross section with standard width & thickness.

• Available in the form of long strap.

• mostly used when dist b/w two shafts as large as 10 meters.

• we can get the clutch action by shifting it from loose to tight

pulley.

• The material for flat belt are leather, rubber,

canvas etc.
V- belt
• Trapezoidal in cross section with standard dimensions and available in
endless form in standard length.

• Run in v-grooves made pulleys. The numbers of belts used in depends on

the amount of torque, which is to be transmitting.

• Slip can be reduce. They are mostly used to connect shafts, which have
center distance less then or equal to 5 meters.

• By this type of belts speed ratio can be achieve up to 7.

• The material for v-belts is fabric-vulcanized rubber with cotton or nylon

cord tension element.
compressor
Timing belt
• Flat belt with teeth molded on inner side. They are available in standard
endless length, pitch and width. They are also known as positive drive
belts.

• Mostly used for short center dist. for higher power transmission.

• the material used for these types of belts is high quality rubber reinforced
with the high tensile fabric cords.

• they are comparatively costlier.

Certain engines with overhead camshafts have
timing belts that have a limited lifespan. Car
makers use these belts instead of more
durable chains because chains are noisier and
cost more to manufacture.
Rope
• It is also one kind of circular belt which is used mostly in factories and
workshops, when the distance between shafts is running from 8 meters to
30 meters.

• Made from leather, cotton, fabric and rubber and metal wires. The fiber
ropes are used when the pulleys are about 60 meters.

• Apart, while wire ropes are used when the pulleys are up to 150 meters
apart.
winch
Pulleys
•The function of this shaft is to transmit the power from one shaft to the
belt which running over it.
•Made from C.I, cast steel, aluminium alloys, wood, nylon, plastics,
fibers etc.

Hub or boss

Arm

Rim
Rib
Types of pulley:
• Cone pulley (stepped pulley)

• Guide pulley

• Jockey (rider) pulley

• Grooved pulley

• Fast and loose pulley

Cone pulley (stepped pulley):

• Mostly made from C.I

•Having several steps of

different diameters.

•Used to vary velocity.

Guide pulley
•Used to guide the belts connecting nonparallel intersecting or nonintersecting
shafts.

•It also keep the belts in proper plane.

Jockey (rider) pulley
•Increases the arc of contact and also keeps
the belt in tension.

•It mounted near the smaller of the two-

transmission pulleys in a belt drive and always
positioned to ride on the slack side of the belt.
 Grooved pulley

•It has groove at rim & cs is depends on the cs of belt or rope.

•Made from C.I

•Transmitting higher torque.

Fast and loose pulley
Chain
• It consists of several rigid links hinged together to provide on
endless flexible loop passing over the driving and driven wheel
called sprockets.
• Sprockets have projecting teeth, which fit into recesses in the link of
chain enabling a positive drive.
• The pitch can be given by,
• P=d.Sin(180°)
Z

 where, d=dia. And Z= no of teeth on sprockets.

Roller chain generally used for power transmission.
Gear
• Gear is toothed member, which is used to transmitting the motion by
means of successively engaging teeth from a rotating shaft to
another.

• They are used to transmit power b/w shafts that are parallel,
intersecting or neither parallel nor intersecting by the use of various
types of tooth gears.

• Types of gears:
 Spur gear
 Helical gear
 Spiral ear
 Bevel gear
 Worm gear
 Rake & pinion
 SPUR GEAR:
• Used where the power
transmitted b/w parallel shafts.
• The teeth may be internal or
external.
• These gears have very wide
applications like in watches,
measuring instruments, machine
tools, automobiles etc.
• In these types teeth are parallel to
shaft axis.
 HELICAL GEAR:
• Are quieter than spur gears, teeth
follow helical path, with either left
hand helix or right hand helix.
• Two teeth at a time contact
• Opposites on parallel shafts
• Used for any type of orientation of
shaft.
• Run more smoothly & quietly at
high speeds.
• The noise pollution & impact load is
low compare to spur gear because of
gradually engagement of gear tooth
to each other.
• Draw back is can’t handle axial
thrust, but the solution is to used
double helical gear (Herringbone).
 Herringbone gear
(double helical gear)
Spur Gears vs. Helical Gears

Efficiency
Spur gears are more efficient than helical gears. Helical gears are less
efficient because they have more teeth touching when two gears are
connected, leading to increased friction and increasing energy lost to heat.
Manufacturing Cost
Spur gears cost less to manufacture than helical gears. The design of a
spur gear is simpler and easier to create than a helical gear, leading to a
decreased cost of production.
Load Tolerance
Helical gears can hold a larger load than spur gears. As the load
distributes across more teeth, a helical gear can hold more load than a
spur gear.
Durability
Helical gears are more durable than spur gears. The load distributes across
more teeth, so for a given load the helical gears will be able to spread the
force out better than a spur gear, leading to less wear on individual teeth.
Operating Noise
Helical gears are quieter than spur gears. Helical gears undergo less
vibration due to the angled teeth, and as a result create less noise.
SPIRAL GEAR:
• Skewed gear are used to connect two nonparallel, nonintersecting
shafts.
• Their teeth are like helical gear cut along helical path on the wheel
periphery.
• The teeth have point contact.
• Suitable for small power transmission.
 Bevel Gears
• Blank shape is conical.

• Mostly used when two shaft intersecting

in plane, they may be at right angle or
may not be.

• If angle is 90° gear called miter gears.

• Depending on their shape of teeth they

may be classified as straight tooth type,
spiral or skew or hypoid bevel gear.
Worm Gear
• Special forms of helical gear in
which teeth have line contact.
• Axes are at right angle and
nonintersecting.
• Used for large velocity ratio and for
law space.
• common application are in lath,
drilling, milling etc. and also used
in reduction gearbox.
Rack and Pinion
•Pair of spur gear having one of the gear
having infinite pitch circle diameter (PCD)
is called rack and other small gear is called
as pinion.
•Used for to transmit circular motion into
rectilinear motion and vice-versa.