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THE MICROSCOPE
Lesson Objectives
Microscopy
- the science of the use of microscopes
PARTS OF THE MICROSCOPE
ARM
STAGE
Inclination
Joint
Mechanical
Slide
Controls
BASE
Illumination System
b. Condenser
– directs and focuses the beam
of light from the bulb onto the
material under examination. The
condenser position is adjustable; it
can be raised and lowered beneath
the stage by means of an
adjustment knob. When it is
correctly positioned, the image
field is evenly lighted.
c. Iris Diaphragm
– also controls the amount of light passing
through the material under observation.
CONDENSER
Diaphragm
Lever
LIGHT
SOURCE
Magnification System
EYEPIECE
Revolving
Nosepiece
Objectives
Focusing System
b. Body tube is a part of the microscope through which the light passes
to the ocular. This is the tube that actually conducts image.
-Draw Tube is a cylindrical structure on top of the body tube that holds
the ocular lenses.
c. Adjustment system enables body tube to move up or down for focusing the
objectives.
Draw Tube
Body Tube
Coarse
Adjustment
Fine
Adjustment
MICROSCOPIC TERMS
Resolution
– indicates how small and how close individual objects
can and still be recognized.
Alignment
– Done to get the best view in a microscopic
observation.
- When properly aligned, the microscope is adjusted
in such a way that the light path through the
microscope, from the light source to the eye of the
observer, is correct.
MICROSCOPIC TERMS
e
TYPES OF MICROSCOPE
1. Brightfield Microscope
- This is the commonly used type of microscope. In
brightfield microscopy the field of view is brightly lit so
that organisms and other structures are visible against it.
- It is mainly used with stained preparations. Differential
staining may be used depending on the properties of
different structures and organisms.
Loose Areolar
connective
tissue.
2. Darkfield Microscope
- In darkfield microscopy the field of view is dark and the organisms are
illuminated. A special condenser is used which causes light to reflect from
the specimen at an angle.
- It is used for observing bacteria such as treponemes (which cause
syphilis) and leptospires (which cause leptospirosis).
Treponema
pallidum under
Darkfield
Microscope.
3. Phase-Contrast Microscope
On the left side, the polars are aligned (not crossed), and on the right side, the
polars are crossed.
6. Flourescence Microscope
- The principle of the electron microscope is the same as for the light
microscope. Rather than a beam of light, however, the specimen is
illuminated with a beam of electrons produced by an electron “gun.”
TYPES OF MICROSCOPE