TEMPERATURE

 A measure of the degree of hotness or

coldness of an object.
 It is related to the average kinetic energy
of the particles in a substance.

 Temperature scales:
CELSIUS, FAHRENHEIT & KELVIN
 HEAT
 Heat is a thermal energy that is being
transferred from one object to another.
 Thermal Energy – the total kinetic and
potential energy of all the particles in a
substance (internal energy).
 Heat transfer takes place between objects
of different temperature.

 When the object becomes warmer, it

means that it gained energy. When it
becomes cooler, it means that it lost
energy.
 Cup gets cooler

HEAT while hand gets

warmer

 Heat energy always

transfers from object
of higher temperature
to object of lower
temperature.

 Heat always
flows from
warmer to Ice gets warmer
cooler objects. while hand gets
cooler
Heat versus
temperature

 Doubling amount at
same temperature
doubles heat
 METHODS OF HEAT
TRANSFER
Heat transfers in three
ways:
 METHODS OF HEAT
TRANSFER
1. CONDUCTION
 is the transfer of
heat from
molecule to
molecule.
It can take place
in solids, liquids,
and gases but it
takes place best in
solids.
CONDUCTION
 Conductivity refers to the ability of the
material to conduct heat. The higher the
conductivity of the object, the better it
conducts heat.
 Metals are mostly good conductors of
Why does metal feel colder than wood, if they
heat.
are both at the same temperature?
Metal is a conductor, wood is an insulator. Metal
conducts the heat away from your hands. Wood does
not conduct the heat away from your hands as well
as the metal, so the wood feels warmer than the
metal.
 CONDUCTORS AND
INSULATORS
Conductors — Materials
through which heat energy
pass.
 CONDUCTORS AND
INSULATORS
Insulators — Materials that
do not allow heat to pass
through.
 METHODS OF HEAT
TRANSFER
2. CONVECTION
 is the movement of liquids or gases from a
colder region to a warmer region producing
a current.
 During convection, warmer
liquid or gas expands and
goes up while cooler liquid or
gas moves down.

 In convection, the heat is

transferred by the particles
themselves.
 CONVECTION
Cools at the Convection
surface current

Cooler water Hot water

sinks rises
 Where is the freezer
compartment put in a
fridge?
It is put Freezer
at the compartment
top,
because It is warmer
cool air at the
sinks, so bottom, so
it cools
the food
this warmer
on the air rises and
way a convection
down. current is
set up.
 METHODS OF HEAT
TRANSFER
3.
RADIATION
 does not need
particles or a medium
to take place.
 It is the slowest form, but it is
impossible to stop.
 Different surfaces emit or absorb heat
differently. Dull and black surfaces
absorb heat better than bright and
shiny surfaces.